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OCR Chemistry A Level 2015 > Acids > Flashcards

Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 4 common acids

A

HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
CH3COOH

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2
Q

What is an acid?

A

A species that is a proton donor

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3
Q

Why is an acid a proton donor?

A

They release H+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water

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4
Q

Name a strong acid

A

HCl

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5
Q

What makes an acid a strong acid?

A

When it dissolves, all of the acid molecules dissociate to release H+ ions

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6
Q

Name a weak acid

A

CH3COOH

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7
Q

What makes an acid a weak acid?

A

When is dissolves, only a small proportion of the acid molecules dissociate to release H+ ions

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8
Q

Name 3 common bases

A

NaOH
KOH
NH3

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9
Q

What are general bases?

A

Metal oxides and metal carbonates

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10
Q

What are bases?

A

A species that is a proton acceptor

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11
Q

What do bases do?

A

Accept protons donated by the acid

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12
Q

What are alkalis?

A

A type of base that dissolves in water forming OH- ions

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13
Q

Name a strong base

A

NaOH

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14
Q

What makes a strong base a strong base?

A

When it dissolves, all of its OH- ions are available to accept protons

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15
Q

What makes a weak base a weak base?

A

Only a small proportion of the base molecules will accept protons

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16
Q

Name a weak base

A

NH3

17
Q

Ionic equation for when an acid is added to water

A

HCl + aq ———-> H+ + Cl-

18
Q

Ionic equation for the formation of water in a neutralisation reaction

A

H+ + OH- ———-> H2O

19
Q

What is a salt?

A

Any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion such as an ammonium ion

20
Q

The three ways salts can be formed

A

Neutralising acids with carbonates, bases and alkalis

21
Q

What happens when an acid is added to a carbonate?

A

Salt, water and carbon dioxide is produced

22
Q

What happens when an acid is added to a base?

A

Salt and water

23
Q

What happens when an acid is added to a alkali?

A

Salt and water

24
Q

What is a titration?

A

An experiment in which an acid is added to a basic solution or the other way round until the reactants just neutralise each other

25
Q

What are the 10 steps to a titration?

A

1) The burette is set up containing the standard solution
2) Initial volume is recorded
3) The accurate known volume of the other solution is added to a flask using a volumetric pipette
4) Small amount of indicator is added to the flask
5) A white tile is placed underneath the flask to ensure the colour change shows
6) The standard solution is slowly added to the flask
7) The flask is swirled gently to ensure mixing
8) Stop adding when indicator just changes permanently
9) Final volume recorded
10) Repeat until 2 titres are concordant within 0.1 cm3 of each other

26
Q

Name 3 possible indicators for a titration

A

Methyl orange
Bromothymol blue
Phenolphthalein

27
Q

Outline the use of methyl orange

A

Red in acid
Yellow in base
Orange as the end point colour

28
Q

Outline the use of bromothymol blue

A

Yellow in acid
Blue in base
Green as the end point colour

29
Q

Outline the use of phenolphthalein

A

Colourless in acid
Pink in base
Pale pink as the end point colour

30
Q

What is important to note about the use of phenolphthalein?

A

The end point colour of pale pink is assuming that a base is being added to acid but if an acid is being added to a base, the end point is colourless

31
Q

What is a systematic error?

A

A constant error due to a piece of equipment like a balance being incorrectly calibrated

32
Q

What is a random error?

A

An error that may not always occur in an experiment like an air bubble in the burette

33
Q

What is margin of error?

A

Equipment limits of precision for equipment used to take measurements

OCR Chemistry A Level 2015 (11 decks)

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