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Chemistry 2.3 Acid, Bases And Redox Reactions > Acids > Flashcards

Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens to strong acids in solution?

A

Strong acids fully dissociate in solution

For example, HCl dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions.

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2
Q

What is the dissociation equation for hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water?

A

HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

This shows complete dissociation of HCl.

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3
Q

What happens to strong bases in solution?

A

Strong bases fully dissociate in solution

For example, NaOH dissociates into Na+ and OH- ions.

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4
Q

What is the dissociation equation for sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water?

A

NaOH (aq) → Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

This shows complete dissociation of NaOH.

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5
Q

What characterizes weak acids in solution?

A

Weak acids only partially dissociate in solution

Only a small percentage of the products will be ions.

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6
Q

What is the dissociation equation for ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)?

A

CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq)

This shows partial dissociation of a weak acid.

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7
Q

What characterizes weak bases in solution?

A

Weak bases only partially dissociate in solution

An equilibrium is established containing both reactants and products.

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8
Q

What is the dissociation equation for ethylamine (CH3CH2NH2) in water?

A

CH3CH2NH2 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ CH3CH2NH3+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

This shows partial dissociation of a weak base.

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9
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

An acid (pH <7) reacts with a base/alkali (pH >7) to form water (pH = 7) and a salt

The reaction involves the proton of the acid and the hydroxide of the base.

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10
Q

What is the general reaction format between an acid and a metal?

A

acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

This summarizes the typical reaction of a metal with an acid.

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11
Q

What products are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc?

A

ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Example reaction: 2HCl (aq) + Zn (s) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g).

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12
Q

How does the reactivity of metals affect their reaction with acids?

A

The extent of reaction depends on the reactivity of the metal and the strength of the acid

Very reactive metals react vigorously, while less reactive metals may not react at all.

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13
Q

What are the expected signs of a faster reaction between a strong acid and a metal?

A

More effervescence, faster metal dissolution, more exothermic

Strong acids react more vigorously than weak acids.

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14
Q

What products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?

A

Salt + water

General reaction format: acid + metal oxide → salt + water.

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15
Q

What is the reaction equation for hydrochloric acid reacting with calcium oxide?

A

CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)

Example reaction: 2HCl (aq) + CaO (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l).

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16
Q

What products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

A

Salt + water

This follows the same pattern as the reaction with metal oxides.

17
Q

What is the reaction equation for sulfuric acid reacting with magnesium hydroxide?

A

MgSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Example reaction: H2SO4 (aq) + Mg(OH)2 (s) → MgSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l).

18
Q

What products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

General reaction format: acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + CO2.

19
Q

What is the reaction equation for nitric acid reacting with copper carbonate?

A

Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Example reaction: 2HNO3 (aq) + CuCO3 (s) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g).

20
Q

what is a salt

A

a compound formed when an acid has its H+ ion replaced with a metal on NH4 + ion

21
Q

formula for citric acid

A

C6H8O7

22
Q

formula for phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

23
Q

formula for carbonic acid

A

H2CO3

24
Q

formula for ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

25
Q

2 examples of weak acids

A

ethanoic acid
carbonic acid

26
Q

formula for nitric acid

A

HNO3

27
Q

formula for sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

28
Q

formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

29
Q

3 examples of strong acids

A

sulfuric acid
nitric acid
hydrochloric acid

Chemistry 2.3 Acid, Bases And Redox Reactions (2 decks)

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