Acids

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

hydrogen containing solution that releases hydrogen ions, gives protons

Question 2

hydrogen ion

Answer 2

single proton

Question 3

whats A(-)

Answer 3

anion

Question 4

example of acid

Answer 4

HA —- H(+) + A(-)

Question 5

acid reaction with water

Answer 5

HA + H20 —- H30(+) + A(-)

Question 6

hydronium cation

Answer 6

H30(+)

Question 7

why does hydronium cation form

Answer 7

hydrogen ion attracted to water molecule

Question 8

strong acid

Answer 8

fully ionized in water (full reacts with water producing high concentration of hydronium ions, ionic components move left to right), low pH

Question 9

types of strong acid

Answer 9

nitric (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 10

weak acid

Answer 10

partially ionised in water (incompletely reacts with water producing few hydronium ions), dissociation is reversible

Question 11

types of weak acid

Answer 11

organic acid, CH3COOH, CH3 is proton, COO is anion

Question 12

carbonic acid

Answer 12

H2CO3

Question 13

what happens when co2 dissolves in water

Answer 13

exists in acidic equilibrium

Question 14

what happens at equilibrium

Answer 14

water contains co2/carbonic acid/bicarbonate ions/carbonate/hydrogen ions (form hydronium ions and make acid)

Question 15

what acidifies ocean

Answer 15

when more hydrogen ions are released

Question 16

whats a base

Answer 16

compound that produces hydroxide ions,
accepts protons, neutralises acids

Question 17

whats the cation

Answer 17

Na+

Question 18

example with water

Answer 18

NaOH + H20 — Na (+) + OH(-)

Question 19

strong base

Answer 19

dissociate 100% with water, produces hydroxide cations

Question 20

strong base types

Answer 20

potassium hydroxide, KOH

Question 21

weak base

Answer 21

indirectly makes free OH ions from water

Question 22

what happens if an element gains hydrogen ions

Answer 22

its a weak base

Question 23

limestone

Answer 23

when water/co2 contact calcium carbonate in limestone it accepts protons forming calcium hydrogen carbonate

Question 24

what does carbonate become

Answer 24

weak base

Question 25

does strong mean concentrated

Answer 25

no

Question 26

does weak mean diluted

Answer 26

no

Question 27

whats pH

Answer 27

measure of hydronium ions, log scale

Question 28

hydronium ions conc

Answer 28

1.0 x 10 (-7) mol/dm(3)

Question 29

work out hydronium conc to pH scale

Answer 29

-log (1x10(-7)), log on calculator

Question 30

how to work out with acid conc

Answer 30

same thing

Question 31

how to work out how many hydronium in pH number

Answer 31

example of pH 7.40 change to -7.40 then press shift on log to get inverse log = 10 (-7.40)

Question 32

equilibrium

Answer 32

forward/reverse reactions are equal

Question 33

equilibrium constant

Answer 33

conc of products/conc of reactants

Question 34

large k value (larger than 1000) ...

Answer 34

favours products

Question 35

intermediate k value (0.001-1000)

Answer 35

both are equal

Question 36

small k value (less than 0.001)

Answer 36

favours reactants

Question 37

ka equation

Answer 37

ka= (H30 x conc of products)/conc of reactants

Question 38

Pka equation

Answer 38

PKa = -log(ka)

Question 39

calculate kw

Answer 39

multiply conc of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions

Question 40

at 25C H+ and OH- are...

Answer 40

neutral, 1x10(-7)

Question 41

what is kw at 25C

Answer 41

1 x 10 (-14)

Question 42

Pkw at 25C is...

Answer 42

14