Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MP - Nephro > Acidosis_and_Alkalosis_Full_Flashcards > Flashcards

Acidosis_and_Alkalosis_Full_Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal range of systemic arterial pH?

A

7.35 to 7.45.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which organs are primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base homeostasis?

A

Lungs and kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in regulating plasma bicarbonate levels?

A

Regulate acid-base balance by reabsorbing or excreting bicarbonate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What condition results from the underexcretion of CO2?

A

Hypercapnia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the typical steady-state value for PaCO2?

A

40 mmHg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used in acid-base disorders?

A

It describes the relationship between bicarbonate and CO2 to determine pH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does an elevated anion gap indicate?

A

The presence of unmeasured anions in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name two major categories of metabolic acidosis.

A

High-anion gap and normal-anion gap.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Winter’s equation used for?

A

To predict the expected PaCO2 in metabolic acidosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the compensation pattern in metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increased PaCO2 by 0.75 mmHg per mmol/L increase in HCO3-.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List three causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

A

Diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, external pancreatic drainage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinical features of metabolic acidosis?

A

Kussmaul respiration, CNS depression, cardiac depression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loss of HCl from gastric secretions increases serum bicarbonate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are mixed acid-base disorders?

A

Coexisting acid-base disorders not explained by compensation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for high-anion gap metabolic acidosis due to lactic acidosis?

A

Correct underlying cause, restore perfusion, and administer NaHCO3 for severe acidemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define respiratory acidosis.

A

Elevated PaCO2 and decreased pH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the hallmark of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Low PaCO2 due to hyperventilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What conditions can cause a high-anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A

Lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure, ingested toxins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the treatment goals for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A

Restore volume, correct acidosis, and administer insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are two main types of lactic acidosis?

A

Type A (poor perfusion) and Type B (metabolic disorders).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal range of systemic arterial pH?

A

7.35 to 7.45.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which organs are primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base homeostasis?

A

Lungs and kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in regulating plasma bicarbonate levels?

A

Regulate acid-base balance by reabsorbing or excreting bicarbonate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What condition results from the underexcretion of CO2?

A

Hypercapnia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the typical steady-state value for PaCO2?

A

40 mmHg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used in acid-base disorders?

A

It describes the relationship between bicarbonate and CO2 to determine pH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does an elevated anion gap indicate?

A

The presence of unmeasured anions in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name two major categories of metabolic acidosis.

A

High-anion gap and normal-anion gap.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Winter’s equation used for?

A

To predict the expected PaCO2 in metabolic acidosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the compensation pattern in metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increased PaCO2 by 0.75 mmHg per mmol/L increase in HCO3-.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

List three causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

A

Diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, external pancreatic drainage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the clinical features of metabolic acidosis?

A

Kussmaul respiration, CNS depression, cardiac depression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How does vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loss of HCl from gastric secretions increases serum bicarbonate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are mixed acid-base disorders?

A

Coexisting acid-base disorders not explained by compensation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the treatment for high-anion gap metabolic acidosis due to lactic acidosis?

A

Correct underlying cause, restore perfusion, and administer NaHCO3 for severe acidemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Define respiratory acidosis.

A

Elevated PaCO2 and decreased pH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the hallmark of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Low PaCO2 due to hyperventilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What conditions can cause a high-anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A

Lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure, ingested toxins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the treatment goals for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A

Restore volume, correct acidosis, and administer insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are two main types of lactic acidosis?

A

Type A (poor perfusion) and Type B (metabolic disorders).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the normal range of systemic arterial pH?

A

7.35 to 7.45.

42
Q

Which organs are primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base homeostasis?

A

Lungs and kidneys.

43
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in regulating plasma bicarbonate levels?

A

Regulate acid-base balance by reabsorbing or excreting bicarbonate.

44
Q

What condition results from the underexcretion of CO2?

A

Hypercapnia.

45
Q

What is the typical steady-state value for PaCO2?

46
Q

How is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used in acid-base disorders?

A

It describes the relationship between bicarbonate and CO2 to determine pH.

47
Q

What does an elevated anion gap indicate?

A

The presence of unmeasured anions in the blood.

48
Q

Name two major categories of metabolic acidosis.

A

High-anion gap and normal-anion gap.

49
Q

What is Winter’s equation used for?

A

To predict the expected PaCO2 in metabolic acidosis.

50
Q

What is the compensation pattern in metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increased PaCO2 by 0.75 mmHg per mmol/L increase in HCO3-.

51
Q

List three causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

A

Diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, external pancreatic drainage.

52
Q

What are the clinical features of metabolic acidosis?

A

Kussmaul respiration, CNS depression, cardiac depression.

53
Q

How does vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loss of HCl from gastric secretions increases serum bicarbonate.

54
Q

What are mixed acid-base disorders?

A

Coexisting acid-base disorders not explained by compensation.

55
Q

What is the treatment for high-anion gap metabolic acidosis due to lactic acidosis?

A

Correct underlying cause, restore perfusion, and administer NaHCO3 for severe acidemia.

56
Q

Define respiratory acidosis.

A

Elevated PaCO2 and decreased pH.

57
Q

What is the hallmark of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Low PaCO2 due to hyperventilation.

58
Q

What conditions can cause a high-anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A

Lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure, ingested toxins.

59
Q

What are the treatment goals for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A

Restore volume, correct acidosis, and administer insulin.

60
Q

What are two main types of lactic acidosis?

A

Type A (poor perfusion) and Type B (metabolic disorders).

61
Q

What is the normal range of systemic arterial pH?

A

7.35 to 7.45.

62
Q

Which organs are primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base homeostasis?

A

Lungs and kidneys.

63
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in regulating plasma bicarbonate levels?

A

Regulate acid-base balance by reabsorbing or excreting bicarbonate.

64
Q

What condition results from the underexcretion of CO2?

A

Hypercapnia.

65
Q

What is the typical steady-state value for PaCO2?

66
Q

How is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used in acid-base disorders?

A

It describes the relationship between bicarbonate and CO2 to determine pH.

67
Q

What does an elevated anion gap indicate?

A

The presence of unmeasured anions in the blood.

68
Q

Name two major categories of metabolic acidosis.

A

High-anion gap and normal-anion gap.

69
Q

What is Winter’s equation used for?

A

To predict the expected PaCO2 in metabolic acidosis.

70
Q

What is the compensation pattern in metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increased PaCO2 by 0.75 mmHg per mmol/L increase in HCO3-.

71
Q

List three causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

A

Diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, external pancreatic drainage.

72
Q

What are the clinical features of metabolic acidosis?

A

Kussmaul respiration, CNS depression, cardiac depression.

73
Q

How does vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loss of HCl from gastric secretions increases serum bicarbonate.

74
Q

What are mixed acid-base disorders?

A

Coexisting acid-base disorders not explained by compensation.

75
Q

What is the treatment for high-anion gap metabolic acidosis due to lactic acidosis?

A

Correct underlying cause, restore perfusion, and administer NaHCO3 for severe acidemia.

76
Q

Define respiratory acidosis.

A

Elevated PaCO2 and decreased pH.

77
Q

What is the hallmark of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Low PaCO2 due to hyperventilation.

78
Q

What conditions can cause a high-anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A

Lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure, ingested toxins.

79
Q

What are the treatment goals for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A

Restore volume, correct acidosis, and administer insulin.

80
Q

What are two main types of lactic acidosis?

A

Type A (poor perfusion) and Type B (metabolic disorders).

81
Q

What is the normal range of systemic arterial pH?

A

7.35 to 7.45.

82
Q

Which organs are primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base homeostasis?

A

Lungs and kidneys.

83
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in regulating plasma bicarbonate levels?

A

Regulate acid-base balance by reabsorbing or excreting bicarbonate.

84
Q

What condition results from the underexcretion of CO2?

A

Hypercapnia.

85
Q

What is the typical steady-state value for PaCO2?

86
Q

How is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used in acid-base disorders?

A

It describes the relationship between bicarbonate and CO2 to determine pH.

87
Q

What does an elevated anion gap indicate?

A

The presence of unmeasured anions in the blood.

88
Q

Name two major categories of metabolic acidosis.

A

High-anion gap and normal-anion gap.

89
Q

What is Winter’s equation used for?

A

To predict the expected PaCO2 in metabolic acidosis.

90
Q

What is the compensation pattern in metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increased PaCO2 by 0.75 mmHg per mmol/L increase in HCO3-.

91
Q

List three causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

A

Diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, external pancreatic drainage.

92
Q

What are the clinical features of metabolic acidosis?

A

Kussmaul respiration, CNS depression, cardiac depression.

93
Q

How does vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loss of HCl from gastric secretions increases serum bicarbonate.

94
Q

What are mixed acid-base disorders?

A

Coexisting acid-base disorders not explained by compensation.

95
Q

What is the treatment for high-anion gap metabolic acidosis due to lactic acidosis?

A

Correct underlying cause, restore perfusion, and administer NaHCO3 for severe acidemia.

96
Q

Define respiratory acidosis.

A

Elevated PaCO2 and decreased pH.

97
Q

What is the hallmark of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Low PaCO2 due to hyperventilation.

98
Q

What conditions can cause a high-anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A

Lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure, ingested toxins.

99
Q

What are the treatment goals for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A

Restore volume, correct acidosis, and administer insulin.

100
Q

What are two main types of lactic acidosis?

A

Type A (poor perfusion) and Type B (metabolic disorders).

MP - Nephro (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions