acid interpretation Flashcards
what is normal blood ph ?
7.35 to 7.45
what are the 2 systems that help maintain acid-base balance?
renal system
respiratory system
how does renal system help correct acid base balance ?
amount of bicarb we are producing and excreting
amount of hydrogen we are producing and excreting
how does respiratory help correct acid base balance?
changing respiratory depth and rate
changing amount of co2 we are breathing in and out
how is alkalosis caused by ?
caused by loss of too much acid or retention of too much base
how is acidosis caused by ?
by retention of too much acid or loss of too much base
how do you get respiratory acidosis ?
compensation?
presentation ?
severe presentation ?
co2 excess, hypoventilation, respiratory failure
kidneys conserve hco3 and excrete h+ into urine
confusion, easy fatigue, leathery, sob, sleepiness, tachycardia, tachypnea
bradycardia
how do you get metabolic acidosis ?
compensation?
presentation ?
severe presentation ?
ketoacidosis, lactic acid, severe diarrhea, kidney disease
increased co2 excretion - kussmual respiration ( deep and rapid ), kidney secrete hydrogen
lethargy, confusion, dizziness, headache, coma, dysrhythmias, cool skin, n/v/d, muscle weakness, deep, rapid respirations
how do you get respiratory alkalosis ?
compensation?
presentation ?
severe presentation ?
co2 deficit- hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders, hyperventilation
rate if acute, if chronic increased hco3 excretion
tachypnea, anxiety, tetany, numbers, tingling, convulsions, palpitations, chest pain
how do you get metabolic alkalosis ?
compensation?
presentation ?
severe presentation ?
prolonged gi suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use, hypokalemia
renal excretion of hco3, decreased respiratory rate to increase co2
numbness, tingling, tetany, weakness, hyperrefelxia, confusion, hypoventilation
what is normal ph ?
what is considered acidosis is ?
what is considered alkalosis ?
what is normal paco2
what is normal hco3 ?
what is normal pao2?
7.35-7.45
<7.35
>7.45
35-45
22-26
80-100
what is paco2 ?
what is hco3 ?
what is pao2?
amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in arterial blood
amount of bicarbonate in the bloodstream
oxygen that is dissolved in arterial blood
respiratory acidosis
- proper definition of each
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
metabolic alkalosis
the lungs are unable to excrete enough co2
the lungs excrete too much carbonic acid
occurs from an increase of metabolic acid or decrease of base
occurs from a direct increase of base or a decrease of metabolic acid
arterial blood gas valves provide information about ?
acid bae status
underlying cause of imbalance
body ability to regulate ph
overall oxygen status
if its a respiratory problem
what compensates?
kidneys
