Acid/Base Redox Flashcards
Bronstead-Lowry theory of acids and bases
An acid is a proton donor
A base is a proton acceptor
Arrhenius theory of acids and bases
Acid produces hydrogen ions in solution
Bases produce hydroxide ions in solution
Lewis theory of acids and bases and bases
An acid is an electron pair acceptor
A base is an electron pair donor
What do acid-base reactions involve?
The transfer of hydrogen ions between reactants
What do Redox reactions involve?
A change in oxidation number for one or more reactant elements
Bonding angle in water
109-109.5’
Where is the electronic negative charge located in a molecular of water?
Concentrated at oxygen end of molecule which is partly due to the nonbonding electron
Effect of oxygen’s high nuclear charge
Exerts stronger attractions on electrons
How do water molecules interact?
Hydrogen bonding
How does water interact with a globular protein?
Nonpolar side chains point inward and interact with one another
Polar amino acids bound outwards
Boiling point of liquid methane
-161’C
What makes the boiling point of water so high?
Hydrogen bonding
Lifetime of each hydrogen bond
1-20 picoseconds
‘Flickering Clusters’
Short-lived groups of water molecules interlinked by hydrogen bonds in liquid water
Great internal cohesion
Sum of all hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules
In which form does H2O have hydrogen bonding at its peak?
Ice
Structure of Ice
Hexagonal lattice structure
How does water dissolev salts?
By hydrating and stabilising the Na and Cl ions
Weakening the electrostatic attractions between them
Counteracting tendency to associate in crystalline lattice
Which heterocyclic carbon structures are important in nucleic acids?
Pyrimidine and Purine
Which heterocyclic structures are important in sugars?
Teterohydrofuran
Tetrahydropyran
Non-polar Carbon chains
Aliphatic groups
Aromatic groups
Polar Carbon Groups
Alcohols
Thiols
Ketones
Aldehydes
Carbonyl containing groups
Carboxylic acids
Amides
Esters
Amines
Poly-functional Organic Molecules
ATP
Lysine
