Acid/Base Redox

Question 1

Bronstead-Lowry theory of acids and bases

Answer 1

An acid is a proton donor

A base is a proton acceptor

Question 2

Arrhenius theory of acids and bases

Answer 2

Acid produces hydrogen ions in solution

Bases produce hydroxide ions in solution

Question 3

Lewis theory of acids and bases and bases

Answer 3

An acid is an electron pair acceptor

A base is an electron pair donor

Question 4

What do acid-base reactions involve?

Answer 4

The transfer of hydrogen ions between reactants

Question 5

What do Redox reactions involve?

Answer 5

A change in oxidation number for one or more reactant elements

Question 6

Bonding angle in water

Answer 6

109-109.5’

Question 7

Where is the electronic negative charge located in a molecular of water?

Answer 7

Concentrated at oxygen end of molecule which is partly due to the nonbonding electron

Question 8

Effect of oxygen’s high nuclear charge

Answer 8

Exerts stronger attractions on electrons

Question 9

How do water molecules interact?

Answer 9

Hydrogen bonding

Question 10

How does water interact with a globular protein?

Answer 10

Nonpolar side chains point inward and interact with one another

Polar amino acids bound outwards

Question 11

Boiling point of liquid methane

Answer 11

-161’C

Question 12

What makes the boiling point of water so high?

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonding

Question 13

Lifetime of each hydrogen bond

Answer 13

1-20 picoseconds

Question 14

‘Flickering Clusters’

Answer 14

Short-lived groups of water molecules interlinked by hydrogen bonds in liquid water

Question 15

Great internal cohesion

Answer 15

Sum of all hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules

Question 16

In which form does H2O have hydrogen bonding at its peak?

Answer 16

Ice

Question 17

Structure of Ice

Answer 17

Hexagonal lattice structure

Question 18

How does water dissolev salts?

Answer 18

By hydrating and stabilising the Na and Cl ions

Weakening the electrostatic attractions between them

Counteracting tendency to associate in crystalline lattice

Question 19

Which heterocyclic carbon structures are important in nucleic acids?

Answer 19

Pyrimidine and Purine

Question 20

Which heterocyclic structures are important in sugars?

Answer 20

Teterohydrofuran

Tetrahydropyran

Question 21

Non-polar Carbon chains

Answer 21

Aliphatic groups

Aromatic groups

Question 22

Polar Carbon Groups

Answer 22

Alcohols

Thiols

Ketones

Aldehydes

Question 23

Carbonyl containing groups

Answer 23

Carboxylic acids

Amides

Esters

Amines

Question 24

Poly-functional Organic Molecules

Answer 24

ATP

Lysine