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physiology > Acid base physiology > Flashcards

Acid base physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal ph range of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

If the primary change is in bicarbonate, what kind of acid-base change is it?

A

Metabolic

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3
Q

If the primary change is in CO2, what kind of acid-base change is it?

A

Respiratory

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4
Q

If on examining an arterial blood gas the HCO3 you see that it is raised, What kind of Acid-base balance is it?

A

Metabolic alkalosis.

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5
Q

If on examining an arterial blood gas the HCO3 you see that it is low, What kind of Acid-base balance is it?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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6
Q

If on examining an arterial blood gas the CO2 you see that it is raised, What kind of Acid-base balance is it

A

Respiratory acidosis

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7
Q

If on examining an arterial blood gas the HCO3 you see that it is low, What kind of Acid-base balance is it

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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8
Q

What is the normal range for HCO3?

A

22-28 mmol

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9
Q

What is the normal range for CO2?

A

4.7-6.0 kPa

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10
Q

Why is measuring the anion gap useful?

A

It helps work out the cause of a metabolic acidosis.

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11
Q

What is the anion gap?

A

It is an estimate of unmeasured anions in plasma.

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12
Q

What is the normal range of the anion gap?

A

10-18mmol/l

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13
Q

If there is metabolic acidosis and an increased anion gap, what could be potential causes?

A
  • Lactic acid - shock, infection, tissue ischemia
  • Urate - renal failure
  • Ketones - diabetes melitus, alcohol
  • Durgs/toxins - salicylates, biguanides, ethylene glycol, methanol
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14
Q

If there is metabolic acidosis and a normal anion gap, what could be potential causes?

A
  • Renal tubule acidosis
  • Diarrhoea
  • Drugs - acetazolamide
  • Addisons disease
  • pancreatic fistula
  • ammonium chloride ingestion
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15
Q

If there is metabolic alkalosis what could be potential causes?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diuretics
  • Burns
  • Ingestion of a base
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16
Q

If there is Respiratory acidosis what could be potential causes?

A
  • type 2 respiratory failure - lung, neuromuscular, physical cause
  • Most commonly COPD
17
Q

If there is Respiratory alkalosis what could be potential causes?

A
  • Hypeventilation
  • Stroke
  • sub arachnoid bleed
  • meningitis
18
Q

If you have ↓Ph +↓HCO3 what kind of acid-base balance is it?

A

Metabolic acidosis

19
Q

If you have ↑Ph +↑HCO3 what kind of acid-base balance is it?

A

Metabolic akalosis

20
Q

If you have ↓Ph +↑CO2 what kind of acid-base balance is it?

A

Respiratory acidosis

21
Q

If you have ↑Ph +↓CO2 what kind of acid-base balance is it?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

physiology (3 decks)

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