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A&P II - Urinary System > Acid/Base pH Balance > Flashcards

Acid/Base pH Balance Flashcards

1
Q

How much intracellular fluid is in the body?

A

60%

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2
Q

How much extracellular fluid is in the body?

A

40%

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3
Q

What can extracellular fluid be divided into?

A

Plasma and interstitial fluid

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4
Q

How much of extracellular fluid is plasma?

A

8%

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5
Q

How much of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid?

A

32%

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6
Q

What is the blood pH range of NORMAL?

A

7.35-7.45

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7
Q

What is alkalosis pH range?

A

> 7.45

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8
Q

What is acidosis pH range?

A

<7.35

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9
Q

What are the homeostatic regulators?

A

(1) Chemical buffer system
(2) Respiratory mechanism
(3) Renal mechanism

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10
Q

Which homeostatic regulator is the most potent?

A

Renal mechanism

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11
Q

Describe the chemical buffer system

A

taking a weak acid + anion -> binds to free H+ to prevent pH from lowering

taking a weak base + cation -> binds with OH- to prevent pH from rising

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12
Q

What is the normal range pressure of CO2?

A

35-45 mmHg

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13
Q

What is the normal range of HCO3-?

A

22-26 mEq/L

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14
Q

What is the key equation?

A

CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H + HCO3-

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15
Q

When blood pH falls… (respiratory mechanism)

A

Respiratory rate increases (hyperventilation)
CO2 is eliminated from the blood
CO2 decrease in blood will decrease free H+
decrease in H+ will increase pH, which will make it more alkaline

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16
Q

When blood pH rises… (respiratory mechanism)

A

Respiratory rate decreases (hypoventilation)
CO2 is retained in the blood
This increases H+, which decreases pH, and makes it more acidic

17
Q

What are the medical causes of respiratory acidosis?

A

Shallow breathing - Emphysema, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis

18
Q

What are the medical causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation

19
Q

What are the medical causes of metabolic acidosis?

A

Alcohol overdose, lactic acid buildup, extreme diarrhea

20
Q

What are the medical causes of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Vomiting (losing stomach acid),
Antacid ingestion,
Constipation

A&P II - Urinary System (6 decks)

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