Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Chemistry (ciulla 4th Edition) > Acid-Base Metabolism > Flashcards

Acid-Base Metabolism Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

What comprises a buffer

A

Weak acid/base and it’s corresponding result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

System that can resist change in pH

A

Buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 buffer systems of clinical importance exist in the whole blood

A

Bicarbonate, protein, phosphate, hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most important buffer system in plasma

A

Bicarbonate carbonic acid buffer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the 4 types of buffers uses plasma proteins to minimize pH change

A

Protein buffer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phosphate buffer system utilizes what (2) to minimize pH changes

A

HPO4 and H2PO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most important intracellular buffer system

A

Hemoglobin buffer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Process to supply cells with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide at the same time

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pressure contributed by each gas to the total pressure exerted by the mixture

A

Partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Academia occurs when blood pH is less than 7.___?

A

Less than 7.35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Condition wherein the blood pH is greater than 7.45

A

Alkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increased blood PCO2

A

Hyper apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Hypocapnia

A

Decreased blood PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Unit for measuring PCO2

A

mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Includes undissociated carbonic acid and carbon dioxide dissolved in blood

A

cdCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Includes bicarbonate, carbamino-bound CO2, carbonic acid and dissolved CO2

A

Concentration of total carbon dioxide or ctCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two organs that regulate the pH of plasma

A

Lungs and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Formula for Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

A

pH = pK’ + log((HCO3)/(H2CO3))

pH = pK’ + log((ctCO2)/(PCO2 * a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Value of a in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

A

0.03 mmol/L per mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Average ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is..

A

20:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reference range of arterial blood gas

A

7.35-7.45

21
Q

Reference range of ctCO2

A

22-26 mmol/L

22
Q

Reference range of pCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

23
Q

Acid base disorder that involves bicarbonate disorder

A

Metabolic

24
Q

Acid base disorder that primarily involve dissolved carbon dioxide concentration

A

Respiratory

25
Q

A decrease in bicarbonate concentration causing a decrease in the 20:1 ratio

A

Metabolic acidosis

26
Q

Usual causes of metabolic acidosis

A

Organic acid ingestion exceeds excretion rate, diabetic ketoacidosis, betahydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid, poisoning sa such as salicylates, ethylene glycol, methyl alcohol. renal failure which reduces renal excretion

27
Q

Laboratory findings for metabolic acidosis

A

Bicarbonate: low
Carbonic acid: high
pH : low

28
Q

Laboratory findings in compensated metabolic acidosis

A

Bicarbonate low
Carbonic acid: low
pH : normal

29
Q

Primary Bicarbonate concentration increased causing an increase in the 20:1 ratio

A

Metabolic alkalosis

30
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Ingestion of excess base, decreased excretion of base, excess alkali, iv administration of bicarbonate, vomiting and more

31
Q

Laboratory findings in metabolic alkalosis

A

ctCO2 increased, PCO2 normal, pH increased

32
Q

Respiratory compensation mechanism in metabolic alkalosis

A

Hypo ventilation

33
Q

Lab findings in compensated metabolic alkalosis

A

pH : normal
PCO2 : increased
ctCO2 : increased

34
Q

Primary cdCO2 excess as an increase in PCO2 (Hypercapnia)

A

Respiratory acidosis

35
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, ingestion of narcotics, barbiturate s and severe infection of the CNS such as meningitis

36
Q

Laboratory findings in respiratory acidosis

A

ctCO2 : normal
cdCO2 : increased
pH : decreased

37
Q

Renal compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis

A

Increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate

38
Q

Laboratory findings in compensatory respiratory acidosis

A

pH : normal
ctCO2: increased
cdCO2: increased

39
Q

Primary cdCO2 deficit expressed as a decrease in PCO2 (Hypocapnia)

A

Respiratory alkalosis

40
Q

Respiratory alkalosis may be caused by what conditions

A

Hypoxia, anxiety, nervousness, excessive crying, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, congestive heart failure and others

41
Q

Laboratory findings In respiratory alkalosis

A

ctCO2 : normal
PCO2 : decreased
pH: increased

42
Q

Renal compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis

A

Excretion of bicarbonate

43
Q

Lab findings of compensated respiratory alkalosis

A

ctCO2 : decreased
PCO2 : decreased
pH: normal

44
Q

True or false

Oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin In a physically dissolved state

A

True

45
Q

3 factors that control oxygen transport

A

PO2, free diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar membrane, affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

46
Q

What facilitates release of oxygen to tissues

A

Increase in H+ conc and PCO2 at the tissue level

47
Q

Under normal circumstance, what is the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen

A

95%

48
Q

When oxygen saturation falls below 95%, what is probably happening to the patient.

A. Individual is not getting enough oxygen
B. Individual does not have enough functional hemoglobin available
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

A

C all of the above

49
Q

The amount of functional hemoglobin available in the blood can be altered due to 2 conditions. State the conditions

A

Decreased red blood cells, presence of non functional hemoglobin

50
Q

Increased oxygen values are observed when

A

There is oxygen supplementation

51
Q

Causes include pulmonary diffusion, decreased alveolar space. Diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

A

Hypoxia

Clinical Chemistry (ciulla 4th Edition) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions