Acid/Base Lab Flashcards
pH
measure of H+ concentration in a solution
low pH (high H+ concentration)
Acid
High pH (low H+ concentration)
Base
Normal pH range in body
7.35-7.45
pH range above 7.45
Alkalosis
pH range below 7.35
Acidosis
Respiratory Acidosis
increase in CO2(too much CO2 in blood)
increases CO2, H2O, H2CO3, H+, and HCO3-
impaired respiration and hyperventilation :
airway obstruction, depression of respiratory center in brain stem, lung disease, drug overdose
renal: excrete H+, generate HCO3-
Respiratory Alkalosis
decrease in CO2 (too little CO2 in blood) decreases CO2, H2CO3, H+, HCO3 traveling at high altitude hyperventilation : fever or anxierty Renal; generate H+, excrete HCO3-
Respiratory System
if too much CO2 in blood, pH = low(acidic) -respiratory might respond
by increasing breathing
remove CO2 and increase plasma pH to bring back to normal range
Renal System
slower response, but can handle greater amount of pH change
e.g. plasma = too acidic; responds by excreting more H+ in urine
generation of bicarbonate ion to neutralize excess H+ also
metabolic acidosis
characterized by low plasma bicarbonate with low pH
increases metabolism–>increases CO2–> increases H+
e.g fever, stress, eating food
ketoacidosis from diabetes
excess alcohol, diabetes, strenuous exercise
metabolic alkalosis
high plasma bicarbonate, with high pH decreases metabolism-->decreases CO2-->decreases H+ decreased in body temp/ food intake alkali ingestion vomiting constipation
renal system compensates for
both respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
Respiratory system compensates for
metabolic alkalosis
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
Acid/base metabolism in the body is regulated by this chemical equation
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
HCO3 (bicarbonate)
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER CAN DISSOCIATE TO CARBONIC ACID AND CARBONIC ACID CAN DISSOCIATE TO H ATOMS AND BICARBONATE
