Acid-base interpretation: compensation

Question 1

If you have respiratory acidosis, how do the kidneys compensate?

Answer 1

the kidneys secrete excess H+ and reabsorb more HCO3

Question 2

If you have respiratory alkalosis, how do the kidneys compensate?

Answer 2

the kidneys excrete excess HCO3 and reabsorb more H+

Question 3

If the metabolic system is compromised, how does the body compensate?

Answer 3

The respiratory tract tries to fix the pH

Question 4

If you have a metabolic acidosis, how does the respiratory system compensate?

Answer 4

Increased ventilation to blow off more CO2

Question 5

If you have metabolic alkalosis, how does the respiratory system compensate?

Answer 5

Decrease ventilation to retain CO2

Question 6

Respiratory acidosis

-If the problem is acute?

Answer 6

For every 10 mmHg change in CO2 there will be a 1 mEq/L of HCO3
Expected [HCO3]= 24 + ((PaCO2-40)/10)

Question 7

Respiratory acidosis

-If the problem is chronic?

Answer 7

For every 10 mmHg change in CO2 there will be a 3-4 mEq/L of HCO3
Expected [HCO3]= 24 + 4((PaCO2-40)/10)

Question 8

Respiratory alkalosis

-equation if acute?

Answer 8

Expected [HCO3]= 24-2((40-PaCO2)/10)

Question 9

Respiratory alkalosis

-Equation if chronic?

Answer 9

Expected [HCO3]= 24-5((40-PaCO2)/10)

Question 10

Metabolic acidosis

-Equation if respiratory compensation is adequate?

Answer 10

Expected [PaCO2]= (1.5[HCO3]+8) +_ 2

Question 11

Whenever you have a metabolic acidosis, you must?

Answer 11

Calculate the anion gap (normal is less than or equal to 12)

Question 12

Anion gap=?

Answer 12

[Na]-([Cl]+[HCO3])

Question 13

Mnemonic for elevated anion gap?

Answer 13

MUDPILES
Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation, alcoholic ketoacidosis***
Paraldehyde
Isoniazid or iron
Lactic acidosis***
Ethylene glycol or ethanol
Salicylates***

Question 14

Metabolic alkalosis

-Equation if respiratory compensation is adequate?

Answer 14

deltaPaCO2=(.5 to 1) deltaHCO3

Question 15

If the respiratory system is compromised, how does the body compensate?

Answer 15

the kidneys try to compensate by fixing the pH