Acid base imbalances Flashcards
The less you breathe out the less _____ will come out?
CO2 = more CO2 is retained so the body is more acidic
increased respiratory rate will result in _____?
hyperventilation will result in less co2 in the body making it more alkalotic
the more co2 thats retained in the body will make the body acidic or alk?
acidic
the more co2 that is expelled will make the body more acidic or alk?
alk
more carbon dioxide means
acid
low and slow RR
respiratory acidosis
fast respiratory rate
respiratory alkalosis
vomiting (losing acid) + NG tube suctioning
metabolic alkalosis
diarrhea (pooping out base) and renal failure
metabolic acidosis (if it comes out your ACIDosis than it will always be metabolic acidisos)
normal PH level
7.35-7.45
what is PH?
measurement of how acidic/alk your blood is
What is PACO2?
measurement of the carbon dioxide in the blood
what is HCO3?
measurement of the bicarbonate in the blood
bicarb=base
what is PAO2
measurement of oxygen in the blood
PACO2 level
35-45
HCO3 level
22-26
PAO2 level
80-100
if the PH is high, and the Co2 is low what is it?
respiratory alkalosis
if the PH is low, co2 is high what is it?
respiratory acidosis
if the Ph is high and HCO3 is high what is it?
metaboli alkalosis
if the ph is low and so is the hco3 what is it?
metabolic acidosis
CNS depressants make the breathing slow, opiods, benzos, and alcohol intoxication
putting the body in acidosis
hyperventilation; panic attack
respiratory alkalosis
breathing fast
respiratory alkalosis
breathing slow
respiratory acidosis
respiratory acidosis patho
lungs are retaining too much co2 the kidneys will compensate by excreting excess hydrogen and retain bicarb
respiratory alkalosis patho
the lungs are losing too much co2 so the kidneys excrete excess bicarb and retain hydrogen
respiratory acidosis causes
depress breathing
Drugs
Edema
Pneumonia
Resp center of brain is damaged
Emboli
Spasms of bronchial (asthma)
Sac eleasticity damage (copd and emphysema)
respiratory acidosis S/S
low bp
low RR
increased HR
confusion
headache
sleepy/coma
restlessness
respiratory acidosis interventions
administer 02
semi fowlers position
turn, cough, deep breathe
pneumonia: increase fluids to thin secretions and administer antibiotics
if co2 >50 may need endotracheal tube
monitor potassium levels
respiratory alkalosis causes
losing CO2
tachypnea
increased temp
aspirin toxicity
starvation
hyperventilation
respiratory alkalosis S/S
respiratory distress
drowsiness
confusion
headache
warm flushed skin
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
abdominal pain
chvostek sign
respiratory alkalosis interventions
fix breathing problem
rebreath into paper bag
anti anxiety meds or sedatives to bring down breathing rate
monitor K+ and Ca- levels
metabolic acidosis patho
too much hydrogen too little bicarb so the lungs will compensate and the lungs will blow off co2
metabolic acidosis causes
DKA, acute/chronic kidney injury, malnutrition, severe diarrhea
metabolic acidosis S/S
increase RR
hyperkalemia
low BP
confusion
metabolic acidosis interventions
monitor I and O
IV solution of bicaerb to increase bases and decrease acids
seizure precaution
monitor K+ levels
metabolic alkalosis patho
kidney problem so too much bicarb too little hydrogen so the lungs will compensate and the lungs will retain co2
metabolic alkalosis causes
too many antacids
diuretics
excess vomiting
metabolic alkalosis S/S
decrease RR
decrease K+
-dysrhythimias
-muscle cramps/weakness
-vomiting
tetany
tremors
EKG changes
metabolic alkalosis interventions
monitor K+ and Ca- levels
Iv fluids to help kidneys get rid of bicarb
replace K+
give antiemetics for vomiting
watch for resp. distress
