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Med-Surg > Acid Base imbalance > Flashcards

Acid Base imbalance Flashcards

1
Q

ph

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

paO2

A

80-100 mm Hg

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3
Q

paCO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

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4
Q

HCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

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5
Q

6 causes of respiratory acidosis

A
  1. hypoventilation
  2. drug overdose
  3. pulmonary edema
  4. chest trauma/ neuromuscular disease
  5. COPD
  6. airway obstruction
  7. respiratory depression (anesthesia, increase ICP)
  8. decrease alveolar capillary diffusion ( pneumonia, ARDS, PE, COPD)
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6
Q

6 causes of metabolic acidosis

A
  1. diabetic ketoacidosis
  2. salicylate OD
  3. renal failure
  4. severe diarrhea
  5. sepsis
  6. shock
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7
Q

6 causes of respiratory alkalosis

A
  1. hyperventilation
  2. initial stages of pulmonary emboli
  3. hypoxia
  4. fever
  5. pregnancy
  6. anxiety
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8
Q

3 causes of metabolic alkalosis

A
  1. overuse of antacids
  2. potassium wasting diuretics
  3. loss of gastric juices
  4. severe vomiting
  5. GI suctioning
  6. excessive NaHCO3
  7. diuretics
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9
Q

signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis

A
  1. headache
  2. decreased BP
  3. hyperkalemia
  4. muscle twitching
  5. warm, flushed skin (vasodilation)
  6. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  7. Changes on LOC ( confusion, increase drowsiness)
  8. kussmaul respirations ( compensatory hyperventilation)
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10
Q

potassium levels in acidosis

A

K+ goes up in acidosis

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11
Q

nursing management of metabolic acidosis

A
  1. renal function ( check BUN, creatinine,hemaglobin, hemocrit
  2. monitor hydration status for problems with with fluid balance
  3. respiratory function- turn, cough and deep breathe
  4. Check ABG’s and assess for Kussmaul respirations
  5. check electrolyte levels K+ goes up and Ca+ usually goes down
  6. assess for cardiac dysrhythmias
  7. assess blood sugar levels
  8. antidiarrheal medications and soda bicarb that may be given to correct acidosis
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12
Q

what is hyperkalemia frequently associated with?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

A
  1. restlessness followed by lethargy
  2. dysrhythmias (tachycardia)
  3. compensatory hypoventilation
  4. confusion ( decrease LOC, dizzy, irritable)
  5. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  6. tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes
  7. hypokalemia
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14
Q

nursing management of metabolic alkalosis

A
  1. ABGs for ph
  2. serum K+ and Ca++ levels
  3. check cardiac status
  4. check IV orders and monitor ECGs for dysrhythmias and tachycardia
  5. neurological checks for tetany, tremors, muscle cramps, and tingling fingers and toes
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15
Q

signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis

A
  1. hypoventilation –> hypoxia
  2. rapid, shallow, respirations
  3. decreased BP
  4. skin/ mucosa pale to cyanotic
  5. headache
  6. hyperkalemia
  7. dysrhythmias ( increase K+)
  8. drownsiness, dizziness, disorientation
  9. muscle weakness, hyperreflexia
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16
Q

nursing management of respiratory acidosis

A
  1. ventilator
  2. ABGs
  3. low-dose oxygen in chronic condition
  4. high-dose oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis
  5. I & O
  6. vital signs, hydrated, watch the ECG bc increase K+ can cause dysrhythmias
  7. promote the release of CO2
  8. turn, cough and breathe deeply
  9. assume the semi-flower position
  10. clear respiratory secretions
17
Q

Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

A
  1. seizures
  2. deep, rapid, breathing
  3. hyperventilation
  4. tachycardia
  5. decreased or normal BP
  6. hypokalemia
  7. numbness and tingling of extremities
  8. lethargy and confusion
  9. light headedness
  10. nausea, vomiting
18
Q

nursing management of respiratory alkalosis

A

treatment: paper bag
MONITOR
1. respiratory rate and depth
2. tachycardia or decreased BP
3. Serum K+ levels– cardiac dysrhythmias
4. hydration status–I & O
5. if the client is on digitalis then check for toxicity

19
Q

severe diarrhea

A

metabolic acidosis

20
Q

anxiety

A

respiratory alkalosis

21
Q

DKA

A

metabolic acidosis

22
Q

Cocaine overdose

A

respiratory alkalosis

23
Q

severe vomiting

A

metabolic alkalosis

24
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

respiratory alkalosis

25
Q

frequent use of diuretics

A

metabolic alkalosis

26
Q

aspirin toxicity

A

respiratory alkalosis

27
Q

Excessive intake of NaHCO3

A

metabolic alkalosis

28
Q

COPD

A

respiratory acidosis

29
Q

mechanical ventilation

A

respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

30
Q

naso-gastric suctioning

A

metabolic alkalosis

31
Q

shock

A

metabolic acidosis

Med-Surg (2 decks)

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