Acid Base Imbalance

Question 1

When hydrogen goes up pH goes

Answer 1

down

Question 2

When hydrogen goes down pH goes

Answer 2

up

Question 3

what is the most acidic acid made by the body?

Answer 3

hydrochloric acid, by the stomach

Question 4

Acids have ___ H+ ions and can ____ them

Answer 4

more, donate

Question 5

Bases have ____ H+ and give up hydroxide ion ____

Answer 5

less, OH-

Question 6

strong acids _____ completely

Answer 6

dissociate

Question 7

Weak acids dissociate ______

Answer 7

partially

Question 8

hydrogen is a component of

Answer 8

sugars
proteins
starch
fats

Question 9

what does hydrogen do in the body?

Answer 9

maintains cell membranes, enzyme activity, keeps body hydrated, energy production

Question 10

what is the normal range of pH

Answer 10

7.35-7.45

Question 11

if HCL is found outside the body what can it cause?

Answer 11

damage

Question 12

duodenum has defense mechanisms to ______ acid

Answer 12

neutralize

Question 13

Lower Esophageal Sphincter _____ movements of acid into the _____

Answer 13

prevents, esophagus

Question 14

What electrolytes are effected by acid-base balance?

Answer 14

sodium, potassium, chloride

Question 15

volatile acids

Answer 15

can be converted to gas
excreted/eliminated by lungs
HCO3

Question 16

non-volatile acids

Answer 16

eliminated by kidney’s, except lactic acid (kidney and liver)
lactic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 17

what is a survivable range of pH

Answer 17

7.2-7.5/6

Question 18

3 main types of buffer systems

Answer 18

bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer
phosphate buffer
protein buffer

Question 19

what are buffers?

Answer 19

chemicals in body that combine with acid or base to change pH
almost instantaneous, short lived

Question 20

bicarb-carbonic acid

Answer 20

located in ECF

Question 21

phosphate buffer

Answer 21

main intracellular buffer

cannot measure

Question 22

protein buffers

Answer 22

nearly all proteins can function as buffers
carboxyl group
amino acid
acetic acid

Question 23

respiratory mechanisms

Answer 23

only work on volatile acids

exhalation excretes carbonic acid

Question 24

what happens to RR and depth during alkalosis

Answer 24

body holds onto acids RR and Depth decrease

Question 25

what happens to RR and depth during acidosis

Answer 25

body blows off, RR and depth increase

Question 26

kidney excretion

Answer 26

eliminate large amounts of acid except carbonic acid
can also excrete base
can conserve and produce bicarb ions
if kidneys fail, pH balance fails

Question 27

rates of correction for buffers

Answer 27

instantaneously

Question 28

rates of correction of respiratory

Answer 28

several min to hours

short lived

Question 29

rates of correction of renal

Answer 29

several hours to days, long lived

Question 30

what is compensation

Answer 30

body’s response to acid-base imbalance

Question 31

what is complete compensation?

Answer 31

body brought back within normal limits

Question 32

what is partial compensation?

Answer 32

when range is still outside normal limits

Question 33

if underlying cause is metabolic what can help?

Answer 33

hyperventilation or hypoventilations

respiratory compensation

Question 34

if underlying cause is respiratory what can help?

Answer 34

metabolic compensation

Question 35

if acidotic how does the body get back to hemostasis?

Answer 35

stimulates brain and arterial receptors,lungs increase RR and depth, blows off CO2 and increases pH

Question 36

if alkalotic how does the body get back to homeostatsis?

Answer 36

stimulates brain and arterial receptors, lungs decrease RR and depth, holds on to CO2, and pH decreases