Acid - base homeostasis Flashcards
pH normal range
7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2 normal range
35 - 45
bicarbonate normal range
22 - 26
alkaline/basic means…
high pH, low H+ (acids)
acidic means…
low pH, high H+ (acids)
metabolic acidosis means…
pH below 7.4 w/ low bicarbonate/high acids
metabolic alkalosis means…
pH above 7.4 w/ high PaCO2
respiratory acidosis means…
pH below 7.4 w/ high PaCO2
respiratory alkalosis means…
pH above 7.4 w/ low PaCO2
what is the resp. compensation for metabolic acidosis?
hyperventilation
what decreases the base in metabolic acidosis?
diarrhea
a cause of metabolic acidosis is…
tissue anoxia
what does ketoacidosis do to cause metabolic acidosis?
increases acidity
early and late manifestation of metabolic acidosis?
headache, coma
what does respiratory acidosis lead to and how?
retention of carbonic acid, hypoventilation
what is respiratory acidosis?
too much carbonic acid (H2CO3)
what is metabolic acidosis?
too much of any acid, except carbonic acid (H2CO3)
what is metabolic alkalosis?
not enough acid, except carbonic acid (H2CO3)wh
at worsens metabolic alkalosis?
decreasing arterial CO2
how does the body compensate when going through metabolic alkalosis?
hypoventilation to conserve CO2
what is respiratory alkalosis?
low carbonic acid
what causes respiratory alkalosis?
hyperventilation
