acid-base equilibrium Flashcards
what is an arrhenius acid?
an acid that dissociates in water to form protons
what is a bronsted-lowry acid
a substance that donates hydrogen ions during a chemical reaction.
what is a bronsted-lowry base?
a substance that accepts protons
what is a lewis acid-base reaction?
a chemical reaction that forms at least one covalent bond between an electron pair donoR A+ + B- –> A-B
When does the bronsted-lowry theory not work?
when applying it to reactions involving gases and solids and complex ions are created
is water considered to be a nonelectrolyte?
yes
how do you calculate ph?
pH = -log[h+]
What are polyprotic acids?
an acid that can donate more than one hydrogen atom in an aqueous solution.
Examples of buffers?
citric acid, acetic acid
a buffer is an aqueous solution used to keep the pH of a solution ______
nearly constant
a buffer consists of a ___
weak acid and its conjugative base or a weak base and its conjusgative acid
buffer capacity is
the amount of acid or base that can be added before the pH of a buffer changes.
what acts as a buffer solution in blood
bicarbonate
titration is ___
a technique used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of an unknown base or acid
basic aspects of thermodynamics
internal energy of a substance is the total energy present in the particular quantity of that substance.
first law of thermodynamics?
the total energy of a system and its surroundings remain constant.
second law of thermodynamics?
the change in enthalpy of a reaction is represented as shown below.
at the end of the reaction, if energy has been given out the reaction is ___
exothermic
change in H <0 means what kind of reaction?
exothermic
in an endothermic reaction change in H is greater than zero, because the energy of the reactants is ___ than the energy of the products
less
equation for change in H? enthalpy
Eproducts - Ereactants
Hess’s law?
States that the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is the same, whatever route is taken from reactants to products.
How can you write the rate of the chemical reaction?
Rate constant (k) = Rate / ([A]a[B]a)
