Acid-Base Equilibria

Question 1

in the Arrhenius definition, what do acids produce?

must be in aqueous sol’n

Answer 1

H₃O⁺ ions

Hydronium ions; in aq always

Question 2

In the Arrhenius definition, what do bases produce?

must be in aqueous sol’n

Answer 2

OH^- ions

Hydroxide ions; in aq lagi arrhenius

Question 3

In the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what are acids?

Answer 3

proton (H⁺) donors

Question 4

In the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what are bases?

Answer 4

proton (H⁺) acceptors

Question 5

In the Lewis definition, what are acids?

Answer 5

electron pair acceptors

Question 6

In the Lewis definition, what are bases?

Answer 6

electron pair donors

Question 7

acids that can donate one proton is called? what abt two protons? what abt 3?

Answer 7

monoprotic; diprotic; triprotic

name depends on the number of protons donated

Question 8

what do you call something that can donate or accept protons?

Answer 8

amphiprotic

Question 9

what do you call smth that can function as an acid or a base?

Answer 9

amphoteric

Question 10

True or False

All amphoteric substances are amphiprotic, but not all amphiprotic substances are amphoteric.

Answer 10

True! lahat ng may dual personality may donate/accept but not all that behave that way are considered to have that dual personality.

dual personality = amphoteric

Question 11

True or False

All amphoteric substances are amphiprotic, but not all amphiprotic substances are amphoteric.

Answer 11

True! lahat ng may dual personality may donate/accept but not all that behave that way are considered to have that dual personality.

dual personality = amphoteric

Question 12

what do you call all that remains of an acid after proton is donated?

Answer 12

conjugate base

Question 13

what is formed after bases accept protons?

Answer 13

conjugate acid

Question 14

strong acids form a ____ conjugate base

strong or weak

Answer 14

weak

Question 15

strong bases produce a ____ conjugate acid

strong or weak

Answer 15

weak

Question 16

conjugate base of HI

Answer 16

I^-

never forgetti the charge

Question 17

conjugate acid of H₂O

Answer 17

H₃O⁺

charge!

Question 18

Enumerate the strong acids

Answer 18

• HCl
• HBr
• HI
• H₂SO₄
• HNO₃
• HClO₄ (perchloric acid)
• HClO₃ (chloric acid)

Calvary SoNoCloClo

Question 19

Enumerate strong bases

Answer 19

• LiOH
• NaOH
• KOH
• Ca(OH)₂
• Sr(OH)₂
• Ba(OH)₂

LiNaK CaStroBar

Question 20

True or False

higher electronegativity implies that a substance is more acidic

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False

Higher electronegativity implies that a substance is more basic

Answer 21

False, ↑EN ↑Acidity ↓Basicity

Question 22

True or False

A basic substance is more electronegative than smth acidic

Answer 22

False, ↑EN ↑Acidity ↓Basicity

Question 23

True or False

Acidic substances have larger atomic sizes than basic ones

Answer 23

True! ↑EN ↑Atomic Size ↑Acidity ↓Basicity

Question 24

what do you call the process wherein one water molecule donates a proton to another, forming H₃O⁺ and OH^-?

Answer 24

auto-ionization

Question 25

what is the equilibrium constant for the ionization of water? | or ion product of water?

Answer 25

Kw = [H₃O⁺] [OH^-] = 1.0 x 10^-14 wherein: [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 x 10^-7 and [OH^-] = 1.0 x 10^-7 at 25^oC

Question 26

what is the value of PKw? What about Kw?

Answer 26

14; 1x10^-14 | PKw is just the negative log of Kw (-log 1x10^-14)

Question 27

what is the general formula for pH?

Answer 27

pH = -log[H₃O⁺] | pH & PKa is the same btw haha!

Question 28

what is PKa + PKb?

Answer 28

edi PKw! jk PKw = PKa + PKb indeed since they r the same as pH and pOH, **PKw = 14** | PKw = pH + pOH too

Question 29

acids turn a litmus paper from ____ to ____

Answer 29

blue to red

Question 30

bases turn a litmus paper from ____ to ____

Answer 30

red to blue

Question 31

# True or False Ka > 1 in strong acids since they ionization is almost complete

Answer 31

True! | ionization equilibrium lies far to the right for strong; for weak, left

Question 32

what do you call a solution that consists of a weak acid and salt of its conjugate base? | or weak base and a salt of its conjugate acid

Answer 32

pH buffer solution

Question 33

can buffer solutions resist sudden changes in pH when acids/bases are added to it? | yes or no?

Answer 33

yes, they r also known as shock absorbers