Acid-Base Equilibria Flashcards

1
Q

in the Arrhenius definition, what do acids produce?

must be in aqueous sol’n

A

H3O+ ions

Hydronium ions; in aq always

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2
Q

In the Arrhenius definition, what do bases produce?

must be in aqueous sol’n

A

OH- ions

Hydroxide ions; in aq lagi arrhenius

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3
Q

In the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what are acids?

A

proton (H+) donors

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4
Q

In the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what are bases?

A

proton (H+) acceptors

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5
Q

In the Lewis definition, what are acids?

A

electron pair acceptors

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6
Q

In the Lewis definition, what are bases?

A

electron pair donors

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7
Q

acids that can donate one proton is called? what abt two protons? what abt 3?

A

monoprotic; diprotic; triprotic

name depends on the number of protons donated

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8
Q

what do you call something that can donate or accept protons?

A

amphiprotic

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9
Q

what do you call smth that can function as an acid or a base?

A

amphoteric

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10
Q

True or False

All amphoteric substances are amphiprotic, but not all amphiprotic substances are amphoteric.

A

True! lahat ng may dual personality may donate/accept but not all that behave that way are considered to have that dual personality.

dual personality = amphoteric

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11
Q

True or False

All amphoteric substances are amphiprotic, but not all amphiprotic substances are amphoteric.

A

True! lahat ng may dual personality may donate/accept but not all that behave that way are considered to have that dual personality.

dual personality = amphoteric

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12
Q

what do you call all that remains of an acid after proton is donated?

A

conjugate base

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13
Q

what is formed after bases accept protons?

A

conjugate acid

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14
Q

strong acids form a ____ conjugate base

strong or weak

A

weak

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15
Q

strong bases produce a ____ conjugate acid

strong or weak

A

weak

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16
Q

conjugate base of HI

A

I-

never forgetti the charge

17
Q

conjugate acid of H2O

A

H3O+

charge!

18
Q

Enumerate the strong acids

A
  • HCl
  • HBr
  • HI
  • H2SO4
  • HNO3
  • HClO4 (perchloric acid)
  • HClO3 (chloric acid)

Calvary SoNoCloClo

19
Q

Enumerate strong bases

A
  • LiOH
  • NaOH
  • KOH
  • Ca(OH)2
  • Sr(OH)2
  • Ba(OH)2

LiNaK CaStroBar

20
Q

True or False

higher electronegativity implies that a substance is more acidic

A

True

21
Q

True or False

Higher electronegativity implies that a substance is more basic

A

False, ↑EN ↑Acidity ↓Basicity

22
Q

True or False

A basic substance is more electronegative than smth acidic

A

False, ↑EN ↑Acidity ↓Basicity

23
Q

True or False

Acidic substances have larger atomic sizes than basic ones

A

True! ↑EN ↑Atomic Size ↑Acidity ↓Basicity

24
Q

what do you call the process wherein one water molecule donates a proton to another, forming H3O+ and OH-?

A

auto-ionization

25
Q

what is the equilibrium constant for the ionization of water?

or ion product of water?

A

Kw = [H3O+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
wherein: [H3O+]
= 1.0 x 10-7
and
[OH-]
= 1.0 x 10-7
at 25oC

26
Q

what is the value of PKw? What about Kw?

A

14; 1x10-14

PKw is just the negative log of Kw (-log 1x10-14)

27
Q

what is the general formula for pH?

A

pH = -log[H3O+]

pH & PKa is the same btw haha!

28
Q

what is PKa + PKb?

A

edi PKw! jk PKw = PKa + PKb indeed
since they r the same as pH and pOH, PKw = 14

PKw = pH + pOH too

29
Q

acids turn a litmus paper from ____ to ____

A

blue to red

30
Q

bases turn a litmus paper from ____ to ____

A

red to blue

31
Q

True or False

Ka > 1 in strong acids since they ionization is almost complete

A

True!

ionization equilibrium lies far to the right for strong; for weak, left

32
Q

what do you call a solution that consists of a weak acid and salt of its conjugate base?

or weak base and a salt of its conjugate acid

A

pH buffer solution

33
Q

can buffer solutions resist sudden changes in pH when acids/bases are added to it?

yes or no?

A

yes, they r also known as shock absorbers