Acid-base disorders Flashcards
Difference between acidosis and acidemia?
Difference between alkalosis and alkalemia?
How is pH controlled by the body?
In the lungs?
In the kidneys?
What is the carbonic acid dissociation equation?
What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation show?
What does Stewart’s strong ion difference look at?
Thinks just looking at H+ and HCO3- doesn’t work as it doesn’t give the entire picture
Adds in concentration of weak acids
Strong ion difference
What are the problems with Stewart’s strong ion difference?
What is measured when looking at the pH?
Look at the arterial blood gases - ABG and take measurements of gases, pH, ions
Why is standard bicarbonate needed?
Absolute bicarbonate is variable - affected by both respiratory and metabolic components
What is base excess?
What is standard bicarbonate?
What is the anion gap? What is a normal one?
Difference between measures anions and cations
Anion gap = [Na+] + [K+}
When is knowing the anion gap useful?
If you already know the cause, not that useful
Split up the potential causes of the metabolic acidosis
What can cause a wide anion gap? What causes a narrow anion gap i.e. high chloride?
What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis? What compensatory mechanism occurs?
What is respiratory acidosis? What are the causes? What is the compensatory mechanism?
How to know if acidosis/alkalosis is chronic or acute?
If chronic, kidneys will have responded and will be compensating with either bicarbonate or acid production
What is respiratory alkalosis? What are the causes? What are the compensations?
How are ABGs interpreted?
How are mixed acidosis interpreted from ABG?
Both respiratory and metabolic component pointing in the same direction - acidic or alkali
