acid-base chemistry

Question 1

what is a molecular compound composed of?

Answer 1

2 non-metals

Question 2

what type of compound do we use prefixes with?

Answer 2

molecular

Question 3

what are the properties of molecular compounds?

Answer 3

• low melting/boiling points
• can be solid, liquids or gas at SATP
• do not conduct electricity

Question 4

what are ionic compounds composed of?

Answer 4

a metal and a non-metal

Question 5

how do we name ionic compounds?

Answer 5

name the first element normally and add -ide to the second

Question 6

what is a multivalent metal?

Answer 6

a metal that has more than one possible charge

Question 7

what are the properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 7

• high melting/boiling points
• solid at SATP
• brittle
• conduct electricity when dissolved in water
• do not conduct electricity when solid

Question 8

how can you identify an acid?

Answer 8

either hydrogen (H) is the first element in the compound or when the compound contains COOH and it will turn blue litmus paper red

Question 9

how can you identify a base?

Answer 9

it will have a hydroxide (OH) and will turn red litmus paper blue

Question 10

what is a strong base?

Answer 10

a metal hydroxide (MOH’s)

Question 11

what are strong acids?

Answer 11

the first three acids in the chart

Question 12

do acids conduct electricity?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

do bases conduct electricity?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

what are neutral ionic solutions?

Answer 14

ionic compounds that do not form hydronium or hydroxide ions

Question 15

for what kind of solution do you use the solubility chart?

Answer 15

neutral ionic solutions

Question 16

what does high solubility mean?

Answer 16

high conductivity

Question 17

what does low solubility mean?

Answer 17

low conductivity

Question 18

what are polar molecular solutions?

Answer 18

solutions that dissolve in water but do not conduct electricity or change litmus paper

Question 19

what are non-polar molecular solutions?

Answer 19

solutions that will not dissolve in water, they will remain in their original states

Question 20

how do weak acids react?

Answer 20

they react less than 50%

Question 21

how do strong acids react?

Answer 21

they react 100% (completely soluble)

Question 22

how do strong bases react?

Answer 22

they react 100% (completely soluble)

Question 23

what is an acid in the theory of acids and bases?

Answer 23

the electron donor

Question 24

what is a base in the theory of acids and bases?

Answer 24

a electron acceptor

Question 25

what is a conjugate acid?

Answer 25

the acid that a base forms in a dissociation reaction

Question 26

what is a conjugate base?

Answer 26

the base that an acid forms in a dissociation reaction

Question 27

what will an acid-base reaction ALWAYS result in?

Answer 27

a electron transfer from the strongest acid to the strongest base

Question 28

what is the pH of a weak acid?

Answer 28

4-6

Question 29

what is the pH of a strong acid?

Answer 29

1-2

Question 30

how does a weak acid react with Mg?

Answer 30

weak reaction --> few bubbles

Question 31

how does a strong acid react with Mg?

Answer 31

strong reaction --> many bubbles

Question 32

what is pH?

Answer 32

a value the represents the concentration of hydronium in a solution

Question 33

what is an acid-base indicator?

Answer 33

a substance that reflects a different color depending on the pH of the solution

Question 34

what is qualitative analysis?

Answer 34

using empirical properties of a substance to identify it

Question 35

what are the 3 empirical qualities?

Answer 35

1. solubility 2. conductivity 3. acid or base

Question 36

what is the pH of an acid?

Answer 36

less than 7

Question 37

what is the pH of a base?

Answer 37

higher than 7

Question 38

what are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 38

carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)

Question 39

what is an emission?

Answer 39

the production or discharge of something into the atmosphere or surface water

Question 40

when does incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons occur?

Answer 40

when the amount of oxygen present is limiting

Question 41

what are the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 41

carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (C) (aka. soot)

Question 42

what is carbon dioxide the cause of?

Answer 42

global warming/climate change

Question 43

what is soot also known as?

Answer 43

particulate matter

Question 44

what is particulate matter?

Answer 44

a carcinogen

Question 45

what is sour gas?

Answer 45

natural gas that contains more than 1% of hydrogen sulfide

Question 46

what is the process of removing hydrogen sulphide from sour gas called?

Answer 46

scrubbing

Question 47

what are SOx emissions?

Answer 47

sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide emissions

Question 48

what are SOx emissions known for?

Answer 48

acid deposition and acid rain

Question 49

what are NOx emissions known for?

Answer 49

smog when mixed with volatile organic compounds (VOC's)