Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

non-compensated metabolic acidosis may be caused by:

a. severe vomiting
b. diarrhea
c. hypoxia
d. renal insufficiency
e. hyperventilation

Answer 1

b. diarrhea
d. renal insufficiency
e. hyperventilation

Question 2

what are the main buffering systems in the body?

a. phosphate
b. bicarbonate
c. hemoglobin
d. nitrogen
e. protein
f. carbohydrate

Answer 2

a. phosphate
b. bicarbonate
c. hemoglobin
e. protein

Question 3

non-compensated metabolic alkalosis may be caused by:

a. ketonemia
b. hypersecretion of aldosterone
c. renal insufficiency
d. hyposecretion of hormones by adrenal cortex
e. loss of gastric juice

Answer 3

b. hypersecretion of aldosterone
c. renal insufficiency
e. loss of gastric juice

Question 4

these changes are characteristic for non-compensated metabolic acidosis:

a. deep and frequent respiration
b. hypercalcemia
c. hypokalemia
d. hyperkalemia
e. seizures
f. blood pH = 7.4

Answer 4

a. deep and frequent respiration
b. hypercalcemia
d. hyperkalemia

Question 5

causes of respiratory alkalosis may be the following:

a. depression of respiratory center
b. hyperventilation
c. stimulation of respiratory center
d. restriction processes in lungs
e. obstruction of bronchi

Answer 5

b. hyperventilation

c. stimulation of respiratory center

Question 6

increased anion gap may be associated with the following conditions:

a. alcoholic ketoacidosis
b. chloride retention due to renal tubular acidosis
c. pancreatic fluid loss
d. diarrhea
e. diabetic ketoacidosis
f. lactic acidosis

Answer 6

a. alcoholic ketoacidosis
e. diabetic ketoacidosis
f. lactic acidosis

Question 7

what is the compensatory response to metabolic acidosis? 
a. hypoventilation 
b. retention of oxygen
c. increased expiration of CO2 
(converted from carbonic acid). 
d. hyperventilation

Answer 7

c. increased expiration of CO2
(converted from carbonic acid).
d. hyperventilation

Question 8

what is the normal arterial pH?

a. 7.35 - 7.45
b. 6.5 - 7.5
c. 7.30 - 7.45
d. 7.35 - 7.40

Answer 8

a. 7.35 - 7.45

Question 9

what is respiratory alkalosis?

a. condition that causes oxygen deficiency
b. condition that causes oxygen excess
c. condition caused by decrease in PCO2
d. condition that causes carbonic acid excess
e. condition caused by CO2 retention

Answer 9

c. condition caused by decrease in PCO2

Question 10

uncompensated metabolic alkalosis may be caused by:

a. excessive intake of bicarbonate
b. kidney failure
c. adrenal hypofunction
d. loss of gastric acid
e. increased production of ketones

Answer 10

a. excessive intake of bicarbonate
d. loss of gastric acid
e. increased production of ketones