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Urology > Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

what is the normal pH of arterialised blood?

A

7.4

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2
Q

name some metabolic sources of H+

A

> metabolism
organic acids
inorganic acids

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3
Q

what are the body’s major source of alkali?

A

oxidation of organic anions (atrate)

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4
Q

what is the Henderson hasselbalch equation?

A

pH = pK + log [A-]/[HA]

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5
Q

what is the normal PCO2 level?

A

40mmHg

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6
Q

what is the normal HCO-3 level?

A

24mmoles/l

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7
Q

what eliminates H+ from the body?

A

the kidneys

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8
Q

name some ECF buffers

A

> bicarbonate
Plasma proteins
dibasic phosphates

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9
Q

name some intracellular buffers

A

> proteins
organic phosphates
inorganic phosphates
haemoglobin

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10
Q

how is electrochemical neutrality maintained when buffering H+ ions intracellularly?

A

H+ ion movement is accompanied by Cl- or exchanged for a cation K+

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11
Q

how does acidosis lead to ventricular fibrillation?

A

there is movement of K+ into the plasma causing hyperkalaemia leading to depolarisation of excitable tissue and ventricular fibrillation

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12
Q

why may chronic renal failure cause wasting of bones?

A

bone carbonate provides an additional store of buffer

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13
Q

how does the kidney regulate [HCO-3]?

A

> reabsorbing HCO-3

> generating new HCO-3

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14
Q

how is HCO-3 reabsorbed?

A

> filtered HCO-3 reacts with secreted H+ ions to form H2CO3 which then dissociates into H20 and CO2
CO2 enters the cells and becomes H2CO3 which then dissociates into HCO-3 and H+
HCO-3 passes into the peritubular capillaries

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15
Q

what is the action of carbonic anhydrase?

A

converts HCO-3 and H+ into H2CO3

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16
Q

what weak buffers are present in the urine?

A

> HPO2-4
uric acid
creatinine

17
Q

what does monobasic phosphate remove from the body?

A

H+ ions

18
Q

what does deamination of glutamine produce?

A

NH3

19
Q

what enzyme is involved in the deamination of Glutamine?

A

renal glutaminase

20
Q

in the distal or the proximal tubule is NH+4 formed inside the cell?

A

the proximal tubule

21
Q

what is the effect of PH on renal glutaminase activity?

A

fall in pH creates an increase in renal glutaminase activity

Urology (9 decks)

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