Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
If pH is high, ______ is expected to be high and _____ is expected to be low.
HCO3-High
PaCO2-Low
PaO2 reflects the inability to…
pick up oxygen from the lungs
Any compromise in breathing can result in…
Respiratory Acidosis
Hypoventilation results in…
Respiratory Acidosis
Clients at risk for Respiratory Acidosis?
- Post-Op Abdominal surgery
- Mechanical ventilation
- Analgesics or sedation
Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Acidosis?
- Apprehension, Restlessness
- Confusion, tremors
- Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes
- Diaphoresis
- Dyspnea
- Tachycardia
- Nausea, vomiting, warm flushed skin
Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis
- pH <7.35
- PaCO2 >45
- HCO3 normal
Compensated Respiratory Acidosis
- pH normal
- PaCO2 >45
- HCO3 >26
Interventions for respiratory acidosis
- Correct underlying causes
- Bronchodilators
- supplemental oxygen
- treat hyperkalemia
- antibiotics for infections
- chest PT to remove secretions
- remove foreign body obstruction
Respiratory Alkalosis is most commonly caused from…
Hyperventialtion due to pain, Aspirin (salicylate), poisoning, nicotine, hypermetabolic states, or acute hypoxia
What do you see in Respiratory Alkalosis?
- Anxiety, restlessness
- Diaphoresis
- Dyspnea ( ^ rate and depth)
- EKG Changes
- Hyperreflexia, paresthesias
- Tachycardia
- Tetany
Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis
- pH >7.45
- PaCO2 < 35
- HCO3 normal
Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis
- pH normal
- PaCO2 <35
- HCO3 <22
Intervention for Respiratory Alkalosis
- Correct underlying Disorder
- Oxygen therapy for hypoxemia
- Sedatives or antianxiety agents
- Paper bag brething for hyperventilation
Metabolic acidosis is associated with…
Ketone bodies
-diabetes, alcoholism, starvation, hyperthyroidism lactic acidosis r/t shock, heart failure, pulmonary disease, hepatic disease, seizures, strenuous exercise.
