Acid Base Balance

Question 1

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

Answer 1

7.35 to 7.45

Question 2

True or False: Acidosis refers to a condition where blood pH is above 7.45.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What is the primary buffer system in the human body?

Answer 3

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The process of eliminating carbon dioxide from the body is known as _____ respiration.

Answer 4

ventilation

Question 5

Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating acid-base balance?

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

True or False: Respiratory acidosis can occur due to hypoventilation.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the main consequence of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 7

Decreased blood pH

Question 8

What is the role of hemoglobin in acid-base balance?

Answer 8

It acts as a buffer by binding to hydrogen ions.

Question 9

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic alkalosis? A) Diarrhea B) Vomiting C) Kidney failure

Answer 9

B) Vomiting

Question 10

What is the term for the compensation mechanism the body uses to correct metabolic acidosis?

Answer 10

Hyperventilation

Question 11

True or False: The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the pH of a solution based on bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 12

Hyperventilation

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The presence of _____ in the blood indicates respiratory acidosis.

Answer 13

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 14

What is the effect of renal failure on acid-base balance?

Answer 14

It can lead to metabolic acidosis.

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis? A) Lactic acidosis B) Diabetic ketoacidosis C) Hyperventilation

Answer 15

C) Hyperventilation

Question 16

What is the expected compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 16

Hypoventilation

Question 17

True or False: An increased anion gap is typically associated with metabolic acidosis.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the anion gap formula?

Answer 18

Anion gap = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)

Question 19

Fill in the blank: A blood pH of 7.30 indicates _____.

Answer 19

acidosis

Question 20

What is the significance of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in acid-base balance?

Answer 20

It acts as a primary buffer in the blood.

Question 21

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decreased pH and increased pCO2? A) Respiratory alkalosis B) Respiratory acidosis C) Metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

B) Respiratory acidosis

Question 22

What is the primary effect of hypoventilation on acid-base balance?

Answer 22

Increases carbon dioxide levels, leading to respiratory acidosis.

Question 23

True or False: Compensation for acid-base imbalances is always complete.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What role does potassium play in acid-base balance?

Answer 24

It shifts in and out of cells in response to changes in hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The term _____ refers to an increase in blood pH above 7.45.

Answer 25

alkalosis

Question 26

What is the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Answer 26

As pH decreases, hydrogen ion concentration increases.

Question 27

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential cause of respiratory acidosis? A) Anxiety B) Asthma C) Hyperventilation

Answer 27

B) Asthma