Acid Base Balance Flashcards
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
7.35 to 7.45
True or False: Acidosis refers to a condition where blood pH is above 7.45.
False
What is the primary buffer system in the human body?
Bicarbonate buffer system
Fill in the blank: The process of eliminating carbon dioxide from the body is known as _____ respiration.
ventilation
Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating acid-base balance?
Kidneys
True or False: Respiratory acidosis can occur due to hypoventilation.
True
What is the main consequence of metabolic acidosis?
Decreased blood pH
What is the role of hemoglobin in acid-base balance?
It acts as a buffer by binding to hydrogen ions.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic alkalosis? A) Diarrhea B) Vomiting C) Kidney failure
B) Vomiting
What is the term for the compensation mechanism the body uses to correct metabolic acidosis?
Hyperventilation
True or False: The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the pH of a solution based on bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels.
True
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation
Fill in the blank: The presence of _____ in the blood indicates respiratory acidosis.
carbon dioxide (CO2)
What is the effect of renal failure on acid-base balance?
It can lead to metabolic acidosis.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis? A) Lactic acidosis B) Diabetic ketoacidosis C) Hyperventilation
C) Hyperventilation
What is the expected compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis?
Hypoventilation
True or False: An increased anion gap is typically associated with metabolic acidosis.
True
What is the anion gap formula?
Anion gap = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Fill in the blank: A blood pH of 7.30 indicates _____.
acidosis
What is the significance of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in acid-base balance?
It acts as a primary buffer in the blood.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decreased pH and increased pCO2? A) Respiratory alkalosis B) Respiratory acidosis C) Metabolic acidosis
B) Respiratory acidosis
What is the primary effect of hypoventilation on acid-base balance?
Increases carbon dioxide levels, leading to respiratory acidosis.
True or False: Compensation for acid-base imbalances is always complete.
False
What role does potassium play in acid-base balance?
It shifts in and out of cells in response to changes in hydrogen ion concentration.
Fill in the blank: The term _____ refers to an increase in blood pH above 7.45.
alkalosis
What is the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?
As pH decreases, hydrogen ion concentration increases.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential cause of respiratory acidosis? A) Anxiety B) Asthma C) Hyperventilation
B) Asthma
