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NCLEX > Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the lung chemical involved in acid base balance?

A

CO2

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2
Q

What are the two kidney chemicals involved in acid base balance?

A

hydrogen and bicarb

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3
Q

What is the normal pH range?

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

How does an acidotic person act?

A

Lethargic

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5
Q

How does an alkalotic person act?

A

Excitable (nervous system)

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6
Q

Is kidney compensation fast or slow?

A

slow

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7
Q

Is lung compensation fast or slow?

A

fast

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8
Q

What is the normal lab value for PaO2?

A

80-100 mmHg

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9
Q

What is the normal lab value for PaCO2?

A

35-45 mmHg

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10
Q

what is the normal lab value for bicarb/HCO3?

A

22-26 mEq/L

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11
Q

Which organ has a problem with respiratory acidosis?

A

lungs

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12
Q

Which organ is going to compensate with respiratory acidosis?

A

kidneys

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13
Q

What chemical is causing problems in respiratory acidosis?

A

CO2 (too much)

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14
Q

When someone is in respiratory acidosis are they hyperventilating or hypoventilating?

A

hypoventilating

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15
Q

How do the kidneys compensate in respiratory acidosis?

A

The kidneys excrete hydrogen (acid) and retain bicarb (base)

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16
Q

What could happen if respiratory acidosis is not corrected?

A

coma

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17
Q

What happens to LOC as acid level increases?

A

goes down

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18
Q

what are signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis?

A

headache
confusion
sleepy
hypoxia

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19
Q

What are early signs of hypoxia?

A

restlessness

tachycardia

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20
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory acidosis?

A

fix the breathing problem

21
Q

What organ has a problem in respiratory alkalosis?

A

lungs

22
Q

What organ is going to compensate in respiratory alkalosis?

A

Kidneys

23
Q

What chemical is causing the problem in respiratory alkalosis?

A

CO2 (too little)

24
Q

Is someone with respiratory alkalosis hyperventilating or hypoventilating?

A

hyperventilating

25
Q

How will the kidneys compensate in respiratory alkalosis?

A

They will excrete bicarb (base) and retain hydrogen (acid)

26
Q

Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?

A

lightheaded/faint feeling
peri-oral numbness
numbness and tingling in fingers and toes

27
Q

Treatment for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Sedation to decrease respiratory rate
treat the cause
monitor ABG’s

28
Q

which organ has a problem with metabolic acidosis?

A

Kidneys

29
Q

Which organ is going to compensate in metabolic acidosis?

A

Lungs

30
Q

What chemicals are causing the problem with metabolic acidosis?

A

Hydrogen and bicarb

31
Q

Which chemical is there too much of in metabolic acidosis?

A

hydrogen

32
Q

What chemical is there not enough of in metabolic acidosis?

A

bicarb

33
Q

How will the lungs compensate in metabolic acidosis?

A

the respiratory rate will increase to get rid of acid through CO2

34
Q

Why is DKA and starvation a cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

the cells are starving during DKA and starvation since there is no glucose available, so the body starts breaking down fat and produces ketones as a byproduct, which is acidic and raises the acid level in the body.

35
Q

Why is renal failure a cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

Hydrogen cannot be excreted if the kidneys are not working

36
Q

Why is severe diarrhea a cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

This causes a loss of base from the lower GI

37
Q

What do signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis depend on?

A

the cause

38
Q

Why is increased respiratory rate a symptom of metabolic acidosis?

A

lungs are trying to compensate

39
Q

What will happen to serum potassium during metabolic acidosis?

A

increase (hyperkalemia)

40
Q

What organ has a problem during metabolic alkalosis?

A

Kidneys

41
Q

What organ compensates during metabolic alkalosis?

A

Lungs

42
Q

What chemical is too high during metabolic alkalosis?

A

bicarb

43
Q

What chemical is too low during metabolic alkalosis?

A

hydrogen

44
Q

Why is the loss of upper GI contents a cause for metabolic alkalosis?

A

upper GI contents are acidic. acid loss makes base levels increase

45
Q

why is too many antacids a cause for metabolic alkalosis?

A

too much base

46
Q

What will happen to serum potassium with metabolic alkalosis?

A

decrease (hypokalemia)

47
Q

What should be monitored for with metabolic alkalosis?

A

muscle cramps

life threatening arrhythmias

48
Q

What is the treatment for metabolic alkalosis?

A

treat the problem

replace potassium

NCLEX (4 decks)

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