Acid-Base Abnormality Flashcards
What are acid-base disroders characterized by?
Changes in concetration of H+ ions
What does increased H+ concentration lead to?
low blood pH (academia)
What does decreased H+ concentration lead to?
high blood pH (alkalemia)
What acid base disorders can exist?
Alkalosis +/- compensated
Acidosis +/- compensated
Respiratory or metabolic
can be mixed acid-base disorders
How are acid-base abnormalities diagnosed?
ABG
When and what can calculation of the anion gap help?
In metabolic acidosis, calculation of the anion gap can also help determine the cause and reach a precise diagnosis
When can Cl- help?
In metabolic alkalosis, urine chloride (Cl‑) concentration can help identify the cause.
What is acidosis?
the processes by which H+ concentration is increased
What is alkalosis?
the processes by which H+ concentration is decreased
What is the pH
A logarithmic scale that expresses the acidity or alkalinity of a solution based on the concentration of H+ (pH = -log[H+])
What is acidemia?
low blood pH <7.35
What is alkalemia?
high blood pH >7.45
What is normal blood pH?
7.35-7.45
How is pH calculated?
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation allows for the calculation of pH from HCO3- and PCO2: pH = 6.1 + log([HCO3-]/[0.03 × pCO2])
