Acid/Base Flashcards
ph of blood
7.35-7.45
ph lower than 7.35
acidotic
ph greater than 7.45
alkatlotic
buffers (chemical and proteins)
immediate response to change of ph, 1st line of defense, bind and release to H+ ions
respiratory (lungs)
response in minutes, controls H+ concentration by controlling CO2
hyperventilation
blow off, increase respirations, lower CO2
hypoventilation
retain, lower respirations, increase CO2
renal (metabolic)
response in 2-3 days, most effective, controls bicarbonate
pH normal range
7.35-7.45
PaCO2 normal range
35-45
HCO3 normal range
22-26
PaO2 normal range
80-100
increase pH caused by…
low CO2 or high bicarbonate
decrease pH caused by…
increase CO2 or low bicarbonate
ROME
respiratory opposite, metabolic equal
respiratory acidosis
ph lower than 7.35 and co2 greater than 45
what causes respiratory acidosis
respiratory depression, inadequate chest expansion, airway obstruction, alveolar-capillary blockage
respiratory alkalosis
ph greater than 7.45 and co2 lower than 35
what causes respiratory alkalosis
acute pulmonary disorders, anxiety, exercise, brain injury
metabolic acidosis
ph less than 7.35, co2 normal, bicarbonate less than 22
what causes metabolic acidosis
starvation, severe diarrhea, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, cardiac arrest
metabolic alkalosis
ph greater than 7.45, co2 normal, bicarbonate greater than 26
what causes metabolic alkalosis
excess gastric suctioning, hypokalemia
treatment for respiratory acidosis
bronchodilator, supplemental oxygen, meds for hyperkalemia, remove secretion from lungs
treatment for respiratory alkalosis
discontinue and removal of causative agent, eliminate sepsis, oxygen therapy, slow, deep breathing
treatment for metabolic acidosis
bicarbonate IV, insulin, antidiarrheal
treatment for metabolic alkalosis
discontinue gastric suctioning, thiazide diuretics
