Acid Base Flashcards

1
Q

Normal pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

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2
Q

normal pCO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

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3
Q

normal pO2

A

75-105 mm Hg

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4
Q

normal HCO3

A

22-28 mEq/L

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5
Q

Anion gap equation

A

[Na+] - ([Cl-]+[HCO3-])

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6
Q

Normal anion gap

A

10-12

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7
Q

inc. PCO2 –>

A

respiratory acidosis

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8
Q

inc. HCO3 –>

A

metabolic alkalosis

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9
Q

dec. PCO2 –>

A

respiratory alkalosis

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10
Q

dec. HCO3 –>

A

metabolic acidosis

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11
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis

A

hypoventilation (airway obstruction, lung disease, weak respiratory muscles, opioids)

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12
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis

A

Add H+ –> cause Anion Gap
MUDPILES

Lose Bicarb - normal anion gap acidosis
HARD UP/ASS

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13
Q

MUDPILES

A
--> metabolic acidosis (w/ AG)
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene Glycol
Iron tablets or Isoniazid
Lactic Acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates (late)
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14
Q

HARD-ASS

A
--> metabolic acidosis (w/o AG)
Hyperalimentation
Addison Disease
Renal tubular acidosis
Diarrhea
Acetazolamide
Spironolactone
Saline Infusion
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15
Q

Causes respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation

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16
Q

Causes metabolic alkalosis

A

excessive vomiting, diuretics, hyperaldosteronism

17
Q
pH =  7.40
HCO3 = 23
pCO2 = 40
A

Normal

18
Q
pH =  7.50
HCO3 = 35
pCO2 = 42
A

Alkalosis
High Bicarb –> metabolic
pCO2 normal –> no compensation

Metabolic alkalosis

19
Q
pH =  7.33
HCO3 = 13
pCO2 = 28
A

Acidosis
Low bicarb –> metabolic
pCO2 low –> respiratory compensation

Metabolic acidosis w/ respiratory compensation

20
Q
pH =  7.42
HCO3 = 32
pCO2 = 64
A

pH normal
High bicarb & High pCO2
High bicarb –> metabolic alkalosis
High pCO2 –> respiratory acidosis

MIXED

21
Q

REMEMBER: Compensation will never ________

A

bring pH back to normal

If HCO3 and pCO2 are off, but pH is normal = mixed! Not compensation.

22
Q
pH =  7.20
HCO3 = 18
pCO2 = 40
A

pH acidic
Bicarb low –> metabolic
pCO2 ok (no compensation)

metabolic acidosis

23
Q
pH =  7.20
HCO3 = 24
pCO2 = 54
A

pH acidic
pCO2 high –> respiratory
bicarb normal –> no compensation

respiratory acidosis

24
Q
pH =  7.52
HCO3 = 22
pCO2 = 22
A

pH alkalosis
HCO3 okay
pCO2 low –> respiratory

respiratory alkalosis (note: compensation for this takes a while, no comp here)

25
Q
pH =  7.66
HCO3 = 36
pCO2 = 30
A

pH alkalosis
bicarb high –> respiratory
pCO2 low –> metabolic too!

mixed: respiratory and metabolic alkalosis

26
Q
pH =  7.47
HCO3 = 14
pCO2 = 22
A

pH alkalosis
bicarb low = compensation
pCO2 = respiratory

Respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation

27
Q
pH =  7.46
HCO3 = 35
pCO2 = 53
A

pH alkalosis
bicarb high = metabolic
pCO2 high = respiratory compensation

metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

28
Q
pH =  7.39
HCO3 = 12
pCO2 = 22
A

pH okay
bicarb low - metabolic acidosis
pCO2 low - respiratory alkalosis

MIXED: metabolic acidosis + respiratory alkalosis (NOT compensation d/t normal pH)

29
Q
pH =  7.34
HCO3 = 31
pCO2 = 62
A

pH acidosis
bicarb high = compensation
pCO2 high = respiratory

respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

30
Q
pH =  7.10
HCO3 = 15
pCO2 = 50
A

pH acidosis
bicarb low = metabolic
pCO2 high = respiratory

MIXED: metabolic and respiratory acidosis

31
Q
pH =  7.24
HCO3 = 24
pCO2 = 53
A
pH = acidosis
bicarb = okay
pCO2 = high --> respiratory 

respiratory acidosis

32
Q
pH =  7.58
HCO3 = 34
pCO2 = 28
A
pH = alkalosis
bicarb = high --> metabolic
pCO2 = low --> respiratory

mixed metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

33
Q
pH =  7.23
HCO3 = 19
pCO2 = 38
A
pH = acidosis
bicarb = low --> metabolic
pCO2 = okay 

metabolic acidosis

34
Q
pH =  7.33
HCO3 = 30
pCO2 = 58
A
pH = acidosis
bicarb = high = compensation
pCO2 = high = respiratory 

respiratory acidosis w/ metabolic compensation

35
Q

delta gap

A

anion gap (calculated) - 12 (normal)

36
Q

starting bicarb

A

delta gap + measured bicarb

Compare to normal Bicarb: If the “starting bicarbonate” is too high, there is a coexistent metabolic alkalosis. If the “starting bicarbonate” is too low, there is a coexistent non-
anion gap metabolic acidosis (hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis).