Acid Base 1 Flashcards
Substances that can donate H+ ions
Acids
Substances that can ACCEPT H+ ions
Bases
Strong acids do what in solution?
Strong acids dissociate completely in solution
Weak acids do what in solution?
Dissociate partially
What does Hydrogen do in the body?
- Maintain cell membranes
- Helps w/ enzyme activity
- Component of H2O and keeps body hydrated
- Helps in energy production
What 4 molecules is Hydrogen a component of?
- Sugars
- Proteins
- Starch
- Fats
Neutral pH
7
Equal [H+} and [OH-]
(same hydrogen concentration as hydroxide concentration)
Normal Body pH
7.35-7.45
Measured in serum blood
-NOT the same everywhere in body
Most acidic place in body
Stomach (hydrochloric acid)
Stomach is uniquely designed to handle HCl
- Outside of stomach, HCl causes damage
- LES blocks from esophagus
- Duodenum has defense mechanisms to neutralize acid (Mucus)
There are many different pH values in?
The digestive tract: Aids in digestion
Other areas pH value
Skeletal muscle: 6.9-7.2
Bone: 7.4
Liver: 7.2
Pleural fluid: 7.6
What happens when body systems aren’t within (7.35-7.45)
What is affected?
- Enzyme Function (narrow operation range)
- Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-)
- Hormones
- Oxygen transport + delivery
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
The more acidic the body is the more hemoglobin will give up O2 more readily at the tissue.
The more ALKALOTIC the body is the more hemoglobin will hold on to O2 and not give it to tissue.
More acidic is actually BETTER than the reverse due to it’s O2 giving nature
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve w/partial pressures
pH alkalosis: Higher hemoglobin O2 saturation but partial pressure is is higher, meaning less likely to give O2 to tissue
Body can function for short time w/
pH <6.8 or >7.8
-can function for short period but becomes incompatible w/LIFE
Two types of Acid in the body
- Volatile acids
2. Non-volatile acids
- Volatile Acids
-Can be converted to gas
-Excreted/eliminated by lungs
-Ex) Carbonic Acid H2CO3
(breaks into Water + Carbon dioxide)
- Non-volatile Acids
-Eliminated by kidney
- Lactic acid
- Phosphoric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Acetoacetic acid
- Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Non-Volatile acid that isn’t eliminated by the kidney
Lactic acid
-Metabolized by the body, mainly liver + kindey
Body produces more acids than bases
- ingest food/drink
- Metabolism of lipids + proteins
- Cellular metabolism waste product: CO2 a volatile acid
Important to get the pH back into a survivable range
- 2-7.5/6
- want to avoid alkalosis, especially if will since Hemoglobin will hold on to O2 more
-MORE difficult to correct an alkaline pH
