Acid And Base Balance

Question 1

What is the normal range of blood ph?

Answer 1

Between 7.35-7.45

Question 2

Acidosis ph?

Alkalosis ph?

Answer 2

Acidosis =7-7.35

Alkalosis= 7.45-7.8

Question 3

What is the two types of acid-base disorders?

And why

Answer 3

Metabolic acidosis\alkalosis

Due to decreased\ increased of bicarbonate HCO3-

Respiratory acidosis\ alkalosis

Due to increased \ decreased of carbonic acid
H2CO3

Question 4

Acid -base balance is regulated by?

Answer 4

Acid-basis system

Respiratory centers in brain stem

Kidneys
Incase of acidosis increased excretions H+

   Incase of alkalosis increased resorption of H+

Question 5

Is the following description are true?

The buffer sysytem are meant to prevent shifts in the hydrogen ion concentration and thus ph, they help minimize such naturally occurring changes.

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What is buffer capacity?

Answer 6

Buffer capacity is a measure of efficiency of a buffer in resisting changes in PH

Conventionally, the buffer capacity is expressed as the
: amount (mol) of strong acid or base, that must be added to 1L of the solution to change its PH by one unit

Question 7

Types of buffer system? (In ICF and ECF)

Answer 7

ICF

1. Phosphate buffer system

ECF

1. Carbonic acid - bicarbonate buffer system

ICF and plasma has protein buffer system, and under the protein buffer system you can spot

1. Hemoglobin buffer system (in ICF ) (RBC only)
2. Amino acid buffer (both ) (all protein)
3. plasma protein buffer( ECF)

Question 8

How buffers act?

Answer 8

Weak acid\base + their salts

Acidic components give down H+

Basic components takes up\ binds to H+

Weak acid dissociate slightly but salts dissolve completely

Question 9

Where does Bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer located?

And there descriptions

Answer 9

It’a mainly in ECF

Chemical involved are carbonic acid (H2CO3)\ sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

H2CO3 can be exerted by lung in form of CO2

Controlling HH equation

Pka =6.1

Question 10

Phosphate buffer system

Answer 10

Mainly in ICF

Especially important in Nephrons

Chemical involved: di/ mono hydrogen phosphate

HH equation

Pka 6.8

Question 11

Protein buffer system

Answer 11

In ICF and plasma

The acid-base behavior of native globular protein is determined by the ionizable groups of R and the amino and carboxyl groups at the ends

Pka of it : 4.9-6.4

Question 12

Hemoglobin buffer system

Answer 12

Can’t not be characterized by HH equation

Imidazole groups ( histidine) is important responsible for buffering carried out by hemoglobin in blood (RBC)

Oxygenated hemoglobin is a stronger acid than deoxygenated