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3CH-H > Acid, alkali and salts > Flashcards

Acid, alkali and salts Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

Proton donor

HCl dissociates (breaks apart) in water to give H+ ions

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

A proton acceptor

I

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3
Q

What is an alkali?

A

An alkali is a soluble base which dissociates in water making an OH- ion

Example NaOH is a soluble base, it dissociates into Na+ and OH- in water

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4
Q

Name three common acids

A

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Sulphuric acid

H2SO4

Nitric acid

HNO3

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5
Q

Name three common alkali.

A

sodium hydroxide

NaOH

Potassium hydroxide

KOH

Ammonium hydroxide

NH4OH

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6
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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7
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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8
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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9
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbonic acid?

A

H2CO3

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10
Q

Complete the general equation

Acid + Alkali –>

A

Acid + Alkali –> Salt + Water

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11
Q

Explain how an alkali can neutralise an acid.

A

You need to add an indicator such as phenolphthalein to a sample of the alkali. It will turn pink.

Add small drops of the acid using a pipette until one drop turn the solution from pink to colourless.

You now have equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions making H2O or water

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12
Q

Name three bases

A

Copper oxide

CuO

Aluminium oxide

Al2O3

Copper hydroxide

Cu(OH)2

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14
Q

Finish the general equation

Acid + metal carbonate –>

A

Spot the carbonate!

Think neutralisation + carbon dioxide

Acid + metal carbonate –> Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in acid and alkali?

A

Acid - colourless

Alkali- pink

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16
Q

What colour is litmus in acid and alkali?

A

Acid- red

Alkali- blue

17
Q

What colour is univeral indicator in strong acid, weak acid, neutral, weak alkali and strong alkali?

A

strong acid- red

weak acid- yellow

neutral- green

weak alkali- blue

strong alkali- purple

18
Q

Name a strong acid and strong alkali

A

strong acid- HCl - stomach acid pH 2

strong alkali - NaOH - pH 14

19
Q

Name a weak acid and alkali

A

weak acid - carbonic acid

weak alkali - ammonia

20
Q

Name a neutral substance

A

water- universal indicator turns green

21
Q

Finish the reaction

HCl + NaOH –>

A

This is an acid + alkali - think neutralisation!

Salt + water!

HCl + NaOH –> NaCl + H2O

22
Q

Finish the reaction

H2SO4 + KOH –>

A

This is an acid + alkali - think neutralisation

salt + water

remember a salt is metal/non-metal or cation/anion

H2SO4 (aq) + 2KOH(aq) –> K2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

don’t forget to balance it!

23
Q

Finish the general reaction

Acid + base –>

A

acid + base –> salt + water

24
Q

How do you spot an acid from its chemical formulae?

A

All acids have a hydrogen atom at the front of the chemical formula

HCl

H2SO4

H2CO3

HNO3

25
Q

How do you spot a base from its chemical formulae?

A

The chemical formula would end with an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate

CuO

Mg(OH)2

Na2CO3

26
Q

What will the products be in this reaction?

HNO3 + CuO –>

A

This is an acid + base- think neutralisation

salt + water

2HNO3(aq) + CuO(s) –> Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O(l)

Think of your solubility rules to help figure out the state symbols

All oxides are insoluble except for Na, K or NH4+ - therefore CuO (s)

All nitrate salts are soluble- therefore Cu(NO3)2 (aq)

27
Q

What will the products be?

HNO3 + CaCO3 –>

A

Spot the carbonate!

carbonate + acid - fizzing and carbon dioxide made!

2HNO3(aq) + CaCO<strong>3</strong>(s) –> Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO<strong>2</strong>(g)

Ca(NO3)2 is soluble - all nitrates are soluble

CaCO3 is insoluble- all carbonates are insoluble except for Na, K and NH4+

28
Q

What are the products?

H2SO4 + MgCO3 –>

A

Spot the carbonate + acid?

Think neutralisation with carbon dioxide

H2SO4(aq) + MgCO3(s) –>MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

MgCO3 is insoluble

All Carbonates are insoluble except for Na, K and NH4+

MgSO4 is soluble (aq)

All sulfates are soluble except for Pb and Ba

29
Q

Complete the general equation

Metal + Acid –>

A

Think fizzing

Metal + acid –> salt + hydrogen

The metal must be more reactive than hydrogen in the reactivitiy series (copper, silver, gold and platinum will not react with acid)

30
Q

What products will form?

Mg + HCl –>

A

Think fizzing and spot the hydrogen in the acid- what is left is a salt

Mg(s) +2 HCl(aq) –> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

HCl is aqueous- all acids are aqueous

MgCl2 is aqueous- all halides are soluble except for Pb & Ag

31
Q

Name the products

Ca + H2SO4 –>

A

Think fizzing and spot hydrogen

Ca(s) + H2SO4(aq) –>CaSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Hydrogen is diatomic- H2

32
Q

Name all the diatomic elements

A

H2 , N2 , O2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2

33
Q

Name the three oxides formed when petrol is burnt in a car engine

A

Sulfur in fuel reacts with oxygen to form SO2

Nitrogen in air reacts with oxygen to form NO2

Carbon in fuel reacts with air to for CO2

34
Q

State two environmental impact of acid rain?

A

Acid rain lowers the pH of lakes and streams and aquatic life dies

Acid rain leaches minerals from the soil and trees die

35
Q

The following occurs in a car engine

Sulfur in fuel reacts with oxygen to form SO2

Nitrogen in air reacts with oxygen to form NO2

Carbon in fuel reacts with air to for CO2

What happens with all these non-metal oxides dissolve in the rain?

A

Non-metal oxide form acidic solution in water

SO2 –> H2SO4

NO2 –> HNO3

CO2 –> H2CO3

3CH-H (7 decks)

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