Acid

Question 1

What does ‘LSD’ stand for?

Answer 1

Lysergic acid diethylamide

Question 2

Typical bodily effects

Answer 2

Dilated pupils, increased bp, increased body temperature

Question 3

How long do effects last?

Answer 3

Begin after half an hour and can last up to 12 hours

Question 4

Is it addictive?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What are some adverse psychiatric reactions that can occur with consumption?

Answer 5

Paranoia, anxiety, and delusions. Also, long-term flashbacks.

Question 6

Have there been any recorded deaths attributed to its usage?

Answer 6

No, however yes with related accidents

Question 7

Which bodily system is it believed to have an effect on?

Answer 7

The serotonin system

Question 8

What is the lowest dosage that can have an effect?

Answer 8

20 micrograms

Question 9

What does it look like in its pure form?

Answer 9

White or clear, odourless and crystalline

Question 10

When does it break down?

Answer 10

With exposure to UV light

Question 11

According to the National Institute on Drugs, how many people in the US have tried it?

Answer 11

As of 2017, 10% have used it at some point in their lives

Question 12

According to the National Institute on Drugs, how many people in the US have tried it within the past year

Answer 12

0.7%

Question 13

When was the drug most popular?

Answer 13

The 1960s to 1980s

Question 14

How is it usually taken?

Answer 14

Either consumed or held under the tongue

Question 15

How is it usually sold?

Answer 15

On blotted paper or less commonly as tablets or gelatin squares

Question 16

Is there a specific treatment for those who misuse the drug?

Answer 16

Not currently

Question 17

Who first synthesised LSD? In which year was this?

Answer 17

Albert Hoffman 1938

Question 18

What organism was used in the discovery of LSD?

Answer 18

Ergot (a fungus)

Question 19

When did the scientist who discovered the drug first find out its hallucinogenic properties?

Answer 19

1943

Question 20

Describe and explain the programme through which the CIA tried to exploit others through the use of LSD

Answer 20

MK-Ultra - subjects (some with knowledge and some without) were tested with the drug to find out its mind control potency

Question 21

What happened to LSD in the 1950s and 1960s?

Answer 21

It was sold as a medication for research purposes under the name Delysid

Question 22

What happened in 1971?

Answer 22

It was listed as a schedule 1 controlled substance by the UN

Question 23

How much did it cost in Europe in 2011?

Answer 23

Between 4.50 and 25 Euro

Question 24

Is there any current approved medical use?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Have there been any proven links between disease and LSD?

Answer 25

No, apart from a meta-analysis which showed a decrease in alcoholism

Question 26

What have preliminary results shown in other areas of study with LSD?

Answer 26

Positive effects on mental disorders like depression, anxiety and drug dependence. Again, it should be stressed that these are prelim. findings.

Question 27

Why is LSD considered an entheogen?

Answer 27

It is a psychoactive substance considered to catalyze an experience involved in developing a person spiritually

Question 28

What spiritual organisation did Timothy Leary found in 1966?

Answer 28

League for Spiritual Discovery with LSD as a sacrament.

Question 29

What do 'bad trips' commonly induce?

Answer 29

Intense negative emotions, such as irrational fears and anxiety, panic attacks, paranoia, rapid mood swings, intrusive thoughts of hopelessness, wanting to harm others, and suicidal ideation.

Question 30

What's another expression for a 'good trip'

Answer 30

A Rush

Question 31

What are some common sensory effects?

Answer 31

An experience of radiant colors, objects and surfaces appearing to ripple or "breathe", colored patterns behind the closed eyelids (eidetic imagery), an altered sense of time (time seems to be stretching, repeating itself, changing speed or stopping), crawling geometric patterns overlaying walls and other objects, and morphing object

Question 32

What did particular sensory experience Albert Hoffman say he had after LSD?

Answer 32

A metallic taste in his mouth

Question 33

Who is David Nutt?

Answer 33

A famous British neuropsychopharmacologist involved in the research or drugs on sleep, anxiety and addiction

Question 34

Where did David Nutt rank LSD in the individual and society harm list?

Answer 34

3rd from bottom, 1/10th as harmful as alcohol

Question 35

What did David Nutt see as the most harmful effect of LSD?

Answer 35

The mental functioning whilst intoxicated

Question 36

Who is most at risk at having a mental disorder after taking LSD?

Answer 36

Review studies suggest that LSD likely plays a role in precipitating the onset of acute psychosis in previously healthy individuals with an increased likelihood in individuals who have a family history of schizophrenia

Question 37

Name a finding from the 1960s CIA research in terms of how it could be useful to the organisation?

Answer 37

Both mentally stable and unstable individuals are more suggestible and easier control whilst under its influence

Question 38

What is the likelihood of an otherwise healthy individual experiencing flashbacks?

Answer 38

The larger studies include Blumenfeld's in 1971[44][45][46][47][48] and Naditch and Fenwick's in 1977,[49][50][51][52][53] which arrived at figures of 20%[45] and 28%,[49] respectively.

Question 39

LSD and cancer?

Answer 39

mpirical studies showed no evidence of teratogenic or mutagenic effects from use of LSD in man.

Question 40

Can you build up a tolerance with LSD and how?

Answer 40

Yes and this tolerance is probably caused by downregulation of 5-HT2A receptors in the brain and diminishes a few days after cessation of use.

Question 41

Can you build up a cross-tolerance?

Answer 41

Yes through psilocybin and mescaline

Question 42

Is LSD addictive?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

As of 2008, have there been any attributable deaths to LSD overdose?

Answer 43

No, however, several behavioural fatalities and suicides have occurred due to LSD

Question 44

Give an example of someone who overdosed

Answer 44

Eight individuals in fact accidentally consumed very high amounts by mistaking LSD for cocaine developed comatose states, hyperthermia, vomiting, gastric bleeding, and respiratory problems however all survived with supportive care

Question 45

What can be beneficial when taking LSD?

Answer 45

Reassurance in a calm, safe environment is beneficial. Agitation can be safely addressed with benzodiazepines such as lorazepam or diazepam.

Question 46

What are recommended against when using LSD?

Answer 46

Neuroleptics such as haloperidol are recommended against because they may have adverse effects

Question 47

What are neuroleptics?

Answer 47

Antipsychotics used to managed psychosis such as in bipolar and schizophrenia

Question 48

Which serotonin recpetor subtypes does LSD not bind to?

Answer 48

LSD binds to most serotonin receptor subtypes except for the 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors.

Question 49

(HARD) Explain how LSD is thought to act on the brain's pathways and dopamine receptors?

Answer 49

Exactly how LSD produces its effects is unknown, but it is thought that it works by increasing glutamate release in the cerebral cortex[64] and therefore excitation in this area, specifically in layers IV and V.[77] LSD, like many other drugs of recreational use, has been shown to activate DARPP-32-related pathways.[78] The drug enhances dopamine D2 receptor protomer recognition and signaling of D2–5-HT2A receptor complexes,[79] which may contribute to its psychotic effect

Question 50

When did LSD stop in Switzerland?

Answer 50

Legally approved and regulated psychiatric use of LSD continued in Switzerland until 1993