ACHU Flashcards
The degree to which different observers agree on their observations
Interrater Reliability
The extent to which measure used in a study measure the variables they were designed to measure and the manipulations in an experiment manipulate the variable they are designed to manipulate.
Construct Validity
Participants disclose their thoughts, feelings, desires and actions.
Self- Report
An organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena.
Theory
Research whose goal is to increase understanding of human behavior, often by testing hypotheses based on a theory.
Basic Research
They examine racial and ethnic group within culture
Multicultural Research
A subfield of psychology that examines the effects of genes on behavior
Behavioral Genetics
Self Report, in which respondents report their experiences as soon as possible after being signaled to do so, text message or beeper.
Signal - Contingent
Lengthy responses on a general topic. Researchers request or taken from other sources (diaries, book, speeches or chat discussion)
Narrative Studies
The specific way in which a conceptual variable is manipulated or measured
Operational Definition
The specific procedure for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable.
Operational Definition
Self Report, in which respondents report their experiences at regular intervals, usually once a day.
Interval Contingent
A method of assigning participants to the various conditions of an experiment so that each participants i=has an equal chance of being in any of the conditions.
Random Assignment
The results you find in your experiment may be produced by your OWN actions rather than by the independent variable.
Experimenters Expectancy Effect
The extent to which the result obtained under one set of circumstances would also occur in a different set of circumstances
External Validity
Refers to the extent to which the research setting resembles the real-world setting of interest.
Mundane Realism
The degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participate and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously.
Experimental Realism
In testing hypotheses in social psychology is to used a set of statistical procedures to examine , in a way relevant research that has already been conducted and reported.
Meta Analysis
People who act as though they are participants in the experiment but are really working for the experimenter
Confederates
Providing participants with false information abou the experimental procedure.
Deception
A disclosure, made to participants after research procedures are completed, in which the researchers explains the purpose of the study, attempt to resolve negative feelings, and emphasizes the scientific contribution made by the participants .
Debriefing
A nonconscious form of
self-enhancement
Implicit Egotism
refers to actions people take to handicap their own performance
in order to build an excuse for anticipated failure.
Self- Handicapping
found that at
times, the harder you try to inhibit a thought, feeling, or behavior, the less likely you are to succeed
Ironic Processes
A personality characteristic of
individuals who are introspective,
often attending to their own
inner state
Private Self Consciousness
A personality characteristic
of individuals who focus on
themselves as social objects,
as seen by others.
Public Self Consciousness
The defensive tendency to
compare ourselves with others
who are worse off than we are.
Downward social comparison
a tendency to believe
that the social spotlight shines more brightly on them
than it really does. In one set of studies, participants were asked to wear a T-shirt with a flattering or embarrassing image into a room full of strangers, after which
they estimated how many of those strangers would be able to identify the image
Spotlight Effect
the tendency to
regulate one’s own behavior to meet the demands of social situations
Self Monitoring
Eastern system
of thought that accepts the
coexistence of contradictory
characteristics within a single
person.
Dialeticism
enduring, detailed, high-resolution recollections and speculated that humans are biologically equipped for survival purposes
to “print” dramatic events in memory
Flashbulb Memory
found across many cultures that may occur
because these are busy and formative years in one’s life
Reminiscence bump
According to this provocative
and infl uential theory, we humans are biologically
programmed for life and self-preservation. Yet we are
conscious of—and terrifi ed by—the inevitability of
our own death. To cope with this paralyzing, deeply
rooted fear, we construct and accept cultural worldviews about how, why, and by whom the earth was
created; religious explanations of the purpose of our
existence; and a sense of history fi lled with heroes,
villains, and momentous events
Terror Management Theory
The theory that humans cope
with the fear of their own death
by constructing worldviews
that help to preserve their
self-esteem.
Terror Management Theory
characteristics that would
enable you to meet your sense of duty, obligation, and responsibility
Ought
that embodies your hopes, wishes, and dreams. If you follow these instructions, you should have
three lists: your actual self, your ought self, and your ideal self
Ideal
The theory that self-focused
attention leads people to notice
self-discrepancies, thereby
motivating either an escape
from self-awareness or a change
in behavior.
self-awareness theory
the process by which we try to shape what other people think of us and what we think
of ourselves
Self Presentation
consists of our eff orts to shape others’ impressions in specific
ways in order to gain influence, power, sympathy, or approval
Strategic self-presentation
desire to have others perceive us as we truly perceive ourselves.
Self Verification
The tendency
to change behavior in response
to the self-presentation concerns
of the situation.
Self Monitoring
tendency to regulate one’s own behavior to meet the demands of social situations
Self Monitoring
The defensive tendency to
compare ourselves with others
who are worse off than we are.
Downward Social Comparison
To increase self-esteem by
associating with others who
are successful.
bask in reflected glory (BIRG)
People often sabotage
their own performance
in order to protect their
self-esteem
t or f,?
True
Behaviors
designed to sabotage one’s own
performance in order to provide
a subsequent excuse for failure
Self handicapping
unconscious and subtle form of self-enhancement
Emplivit Egotism
Sometimes the harder you try to control a
thought, feeling, or
behavior, the less
likely you are to succeed.
T or F?
True
A personality characteristic of individuals who are introspective,
often attending to their own
inner states.
Self Private Consciousness
tendency to believe
that the social spotlight shines more brightly on them
than it really does.
Spotlight Effect
term used
to describe acts that are motivated by the
desire to “get along” with others and be liked
Ingratiation
term used
to describe acts that are motivated by a desire to “get ahead” and gain respect for one’s
competence
Self Promotion
Theory that humans cope
with the fear of their own death
by constructing worldviews
that help to preserve their
self-esteem.
Terror Management Theory
theory that when internal
cues are diffi cult to interpret,
people gain self-insight by
observing their own behavior
Self Perception Theory
It’s more adaptive to
alter one’s behavior than
to stay consistent from
one social situation to
the next
T or F?
False
Research technique—a procedure in
which participants are led to believe that their responses
will be verified by an infallible lie detector.
Bogus Pipeline Technique
to describe people and their
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Descriptive Research
Ways as to how to test research
observation research, archival, survey
