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IART 1170 > Achaemenid Art Rise of Persians > Flashcards

Achaemenid Art Rise of Persians Flashcards

1
Q

Who did the Achaemenid Persian Empire expand under?

A

Cyrus the Great

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2
Q

How did Cyrus the Great maintain order?

A

By using a strategy of religious and cultural toleration

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3
Q

What is Cyrus Cylinder made of?

A

Clay

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4
Q

What language is the Cyrus Cylinder inscribed with?

A

Cuneiform script in Akkadian, a language used in ancient Mesopotamia

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5
Q

When was the Cyrus Cylinder discovered?

A

In modern-day Iraq in 1879

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6
Q

What is the meaning behind the Cyrus Cylinder?

A

It is considered the earliest declarations of human rights and records the conquest of Babylon and the end of the Babylonian Empire. It emphasizes Cyrus’s policy of religious tolerance and the return of displaces peoples to their homelands

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7
Q

When is the Cyrus Cylinder now?

A

In the British Museum in London, it is displayed there as a symbol of ancient Persian history and cultural heritage

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8
Q

What did Thomas Jefferson do regarding Cyrus the Great?

A

He kept two copies of the classical biography of Cyrus the Great and studied the Persian ruler’s example while drafting the Declaration of Independence

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9
Q

Who was Persepolis built under?

A

Persepolis (capital of the Persian empire) was built under Darius the Great and Xerxes I

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10
Q

How did Darius expand the empire?

A

By introducing reforms such as standard currency and satraps-provincial governors to rule over smaller regions of the empire on his behalf

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11
Q

What is a Lamassu?

A

Winged bulls with human heads that guarded the gates of Assyrian citadel of Sargon II in ancient Mesopotamia

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12
Q

What are Massive Size columns?

A

Achaemenid columns at Persepolis are impressively large, often reaching heights of over 19 meters (62 feet)

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13
Q

What are Single Shaft columns?

A

Columns that typically consist of a single monolithic stone shaft

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14
Q

What are Base and Capital columns?

A

Achaemenid columns that have a simple square base to provide stability and a plain, shaft with animal shaped captrials.

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15
Q

What are Fluting columns?

A

Columns that have a smooth and adorned surface

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16
Q

What are Animal Motifs columns?

A

Columns including animal heads or other decorative elements, adding a touch of ornamentation to an otherwise simple design

17
Q

What are the parts of column?

A

Capitals, shaft, and base

18
Q

What kind of roofs are featured in Persian Architecture?

A

Square or flat roofs

19
Q

What kind of roofs are featured in Greek Architecture?

A

Triangular or pitched roofs with gables, giving structures a distinctive peaked appearance

20
Q

What are Low Relief Carvings?

A

Where figures and motifs are carved into the stone, but they do not project significantly from the surface

21
Q

What are Narrative Scenes in Persian Architecture?

A

The showcase of ceremonies, processions, and tributes being offered to Persian Kings

22
Q

What is Linear and Hierarchical Composition in Persian Architecture?

A

Figures being arranged in a hierarchical manner reflecting the social and political structure of the Achaemenid Empire

23
Q

What is Symmetry and Repetition in Persian Architecture?

A

The Symmetry and Repetition of motifs and figures are common in persepolis carvings, creating a sense of order and organization

24
Q

What are Regal and Ritualistic depictions in Persian Architecture?

A

Carvings that portray Persian Kings in regal attire, emphasizing their authority, while also showcasing religious rituals and offerings

25
Q

What is symbolism in Persian Architecture?

A

Carvings incorporating symbolic elements such as winged creatures, divine symbols, and representations of the Zoroastrian religion, reflecting the spiritual beliefs of the time

26
Q

What is the style of Persian Architecture?

A

Abstractions in the context of art and representation; while they are not purely abstract in the sense of non-representational or devoid of recognizable forms, they do exhibit a significant degree of abstraction in their artistic style

27
Q

What are the features of Cyrus the Great’s tomb?

A

Simple, rectangular stone structure with minimal ornamentation. It reflects a more modest architectural style

28
Q

What are the features of other Achaemenid Emperors?

A

More elaborate and are carved into the cliffs, featuring facades with intricate relief carvings

29
Q

Who was the Persian Achaemenid empire conquered by?

A

Alexander the Great

30
Q

How did Alexander the Great bury Darius III?

A

In a lavish and respectful way in the royal tombs near Persepolis.

IART 1170 (3 decks)

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