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GI- Week 3 > Ach: Lower Abdominal Cavity II > Flashcards

Ach: Lower Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ductus deferens emerge from?

A

deep inguinal ring

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2
Q

What is the dilated terminal end of the ductus deferens?

A

ampulla

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3
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct?

A

duct of the seminal vesicle with the ampulla of the ductus deferens

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4
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

A

Base of the bladder lateral to the ampulla of the DD

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5
Q

What do the seminal vesicles do?

A

add fructose and alkaline fluid to semen

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6
Q

Where is the ejaculatory duct located?

A

It descends through the posterior part of the prostate to enter hte posterior wall of hte prostatic urethra.

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7
Q

What is the prostate and where is it located?

A

A gland that is inferior to the neck of the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra.

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8
Q

What does the prostate rest on?

A

UG diaphragm

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9
Q

What does the prostate secrete? Why is this important?

A

fluid, milky, alkaline fluid that neutralizes acidity of the vaginal tract and liquifies semen

Increases lifespan of sperm and improves chances of pregnancy

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10
Q

What does the prostate gland lie w/in and what is it surrounded by?

A

Sheath

dense plexus of veins

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11
Q

How does prostate cancer spread?

A

Metastasis of cancer cells occurs via connections to valveless vertebral venous plexus or to internal iliac vines.

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12
Q

What is the MC site of metastatic spread from the prostate?

A

bones, lungs, liver

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13
Q

What prevents urination during ejaculation?

A

Internal urethral sphincter contracts under sympathetic control

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14
Q

What are the 4 zones of hte prostate gland?

A

central
transitional (median)
peripheral (posterior)
anteiror fibromuscular

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15
Q

What zones are most often involved in benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BPH)?

A

Periurethral and transitional

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16
Q

BPH can lead to…

A

difficult but frequent urination, nocturia, decreased or intermittent force of stream, sensation of incomplete emptying of the bladder

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17
Q

What part of the prostate has the highest incidence of prostatic carcinoma?

A

Peripheral zone (easily palpated during digital rectal exam)

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18
Q

What is indicative of prostatic disease?

A

elevated PSA (doesn’t give precise information)

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19
Q

What is the MC procedure used to treat prostate cancer?

A

TURP

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20
Q

What are the three parts of the male urethra?

A
  1. prostatic (in the prostate)
  2. membranous (in the UG diaphragm)
  3. penile/spongy (penis)
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21
Q

Prostatic part of the urethra is responsible for…

A

involuntary continence

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22
Q

Membranous part of the urethra is responsible for…

A

voluntary continence (rigid muscular attachments)

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23
Q

Penile part of the urethra is…

A

distensible

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24
Q

What are the divisions of the uterus?

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

25
Q

What part of the uterus communicates with the uterine tubes?

A

Uterine body

26
Q

What are the three parts of the cervix?

A

Internal OS>
cervical canal>
external OS

27
Q

What is the difference between endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium?

A

endometrium- shed cyclically, menstruation

myometrium- thick, smooth muscle

perimetrium- peritoneum, CT

28
Q

Anteversion of the uterus means…

A

the axis of hte cervix forms a 90 degree angle w/ the axis of the vagina

29
Q

Anteflexion of the uterus means…

A

adult uterus is bent forward on itself at about hte level of hte internal os to form a 170 degree angle

30
Q

When the bladder is full, the uterus is…

A

retroverted (inclined posteriorly)

31
Q

What is the broad ligaments?

A

layers of peritoneum

32
Q

What does the broad ligament enclose?

A

body of the uterus

33
Q

What do you have to be cautious of during a hysterectomy?

A

Injuring the ureter. The ureter lies UNDER the uterine artery.

34
Q

What occupies the mesosalpinx or the upper boarder of the broad ligament?

A

Uterine/fallopian tubes

35
Q

What does the uterine tube do?

A

connects uterine cavity to peritoneal cavity

36
Q

What are the 4 parts of the uterine tube?

A
  1. Uterine part
  2. Isthmus
  3. ampulla
  4. infundibulum containing fimbriae
37
Q

Where does fertilization usually occur?

A

ampulla

38
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

When implantation occurs outside the uterus and in the wall of the uterine tube

39
Q

What is a uterine tubal ligation?

A

tying off and cutting of the uterine tube preventing the fertilization of the ovum by motile sperm

40
Q

What attaches the ovary to the back of the broad ligament?

A

Mesovarium

41
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A

transmits vessels and lymphatics to the ovary from the abdomen

42
Q

What is the round ligament of the ovary?

A

Attaches ovary to uterus

remnant of the upper part of the gubernaculum.

43
Q

What is hte ovary covered by?

A

germinal epithelium that is continuous with the mesovarium

44
Q

What are the fornices of the vaginal lumen?

A

anterior, posterior, right and left lateral

45
Q

How is the vagina usually located?

A

posterosuperiorly at a 40-60 degree angle from the horizontal

46
Q

What is culdocentesis?

A

When a long thin needle is inserted through the posterior fornix of hte vagina and into the rectouterine pouch to determine the presence of fluid. We do ultrasound now instead!

47
Q

What main vessel serves the pelvis?

A

internal iliac artery

48
Q

What are the branches of the anterior division of the common iliac artery?

A

umbilical

obturator

uterine
vaginal

inferior vesical (M)

middle rectal

internal pudendal

inferior gluteal

49
Q

What are the posterior branches of hte internal iliac artery?

A

superior gluteal

Lateral sacral
iliolumbar

50
Q

What is the largest branch that passes through the greater sciatic foramen between L4/5-S1?

A

Superior Gluteal Artery

51
Q

What forms the pectinate line? What does the pectinate line indicate?

A

Anal valves

division between gut derived from hindgut vs proctodeum

52
Q

What is hte difference in venous and lymphatic drainage above and below the pectinate line?

A

above- superior rectal veins–> portal system

below- middle and inferior rectal veins–> systemic circulation

53
Q

What are crypts?

A

shallow depressions in the endothelium where anal glands open

54
Q

What are anal columns?

A

folds of endothelium overlying superior rectal veins

55
Q

What is an anorectal ring?

A

site where hte rectum turns back to become the anal canal

56
Q

What are the transverse rectal folds?

A

folds of muscular layers nad mucosa (not true valves, but they do slow the movement of feces through the rectum)

57
Q

What forms the internal anal sphincter?

A

circular longitudinal layers of gut

innervated by autonomic fibers

58
Q

WHat forms the external anal sphincter?

A

thickened lowest part of hte pelvic diaphragm. It has subcutaneous, superficiala nd deep parrts.

59
Q

What is the nerve supply to the external anal sphincter?

A

rectal branches of pudendal nerve

GI- Week 3 (15 decks)

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