Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction

Question 1

Occurs when the amplitude of accommodation (AA) is lower than the expected AA for the patient’s age and is not due to sclerosis of the crystalline lens.

Answer 1

Accommodative Insufficiency

Question 2

It is a condition in which the AA is normal, but fatigue occurs with repeated accommodative stimulation.

Answer 2

ILL-Sustained Accommodation

Question 3

Also called as accommodative inertia

Answer 3

Accommodative Infacility

Question 4

True or False

Accommodative Insufficiency It occurs when the accommodative system is slow in making a change, or when there is a considerable lag between the stimulus to accommodation and the accommodative response.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or false

Accommodative Insufficiency Patient often reports blurred distance vision immediately following sustained far work.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Can be caused by the use of cycloplegic drugs or by trauma ocular or systemic disease, toxicity or poisoning.

Answer 6

Paralysis of Accommodation

Question 7

True or False

Can be lateral or bilateral, may be associated with a fixed, dilated pupil.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

It is the result of overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

Spasm of Accommodation

Question 9

May be associated with fatigue, It is sometimes part of a triad

Answer 9

Spasm of Accommodation

Question 10

This condition may also result from other causes, such as the use of either systemic or topical cholinergic drugs, trauma, brain tumor, or myasthenia gravis.

Answer 10

Spasm of Accommodation

Question 11

What type of example is this from vergence dysfunction?

Example:
Distance: 9 exo D 1 exo Near: 20 exo N 12 exo

Answer 11

Convergence Insufficiency

Question 12

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at near greater than the far deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 12

Convergence Insufficiency

Question 13

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at far greater than the near deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 13

Divergence Excess

Question 14

What type of example is this from vergence dysfunction ?

Example:
D 20 exo D 12 exo N 9 exo N 1 exo

Answer 14

Divergence Excess

Question 15

Patient with basic exophoria has a deviation of similar magnitude at both distance and near

Answer 15

Basic exophoria

Question 16

The etiology of the higher esodeviation at near most commonly is indicated by a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio.

Answer 16

Covergence Excess

Question 17

In a patient with divergence insufficiency (DI), tonic esophoria is high when measured at distance but less at near.

Answer 17

Divergence Insufficiency

Question 18

What type of example is this from vergence dysfunction?

Example:
D 20 eso D 12 eso N 9 eso N 1 eso

Answer 18

Divergence Insufficiency

Question 19

Patients with basic esophoria has high tonic esophoria at distance, a similar degree of esophoria at near, and a normal AC/A ratio.

Answer 19

Basic esophoria

Question 20

Over time, secondary overaction and contracture of the inferior oblique muscle may overshadow the initial fourth nerve palsy. Thus, the deviation may be largest during elevation and adduction of the affected eye.

Answer 20

VERTICAL HETEROPHORIAS