Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction

Question 1

Occurs when the amplitude of accommodation (AA) is lower than the expected AA for the patient’s age and is not due to sclerosis of the crystalline lens.

Answer 1

Accommodative Insufficiency

Question 2

It is a condition in which the AA is normal, but fatigue occurs with repeated accommodative stimulation.

Answer 2

Ill-Sustained Accommodation

Question 3

It occurs when the accommodative system is slow in making a change, or when there is a considerable lag between the stimulus to accommodation and the accommodative response.

Answer 3

Accommodative Infacility

Question 4

A rare condition in which the accommodative system fails to respond to any stimulus. Can be unilateral or bilateral.

Answer 4

Paralysis of Accommodation

Question 5

It is the result of overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 5

Spasm of Accommodation

Question 6

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at near greater than the far deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 6

Convergence Insufficiency

Question 7

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at far greater than the near deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 7

Divergence Excess

Question 8

Patient with basic exophoria has a deviation of similar

magnitude at both distance and near or if the difference between the far and near exophoria is below 10PD.

Answer 8

Basic Exophoria

Question 9

Can be described as esophoria or esotropia at near greater than the far deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 9

Convergence Excess

Question 10

In a patient with divergence insufficiency (DI), tonic esophoria is high when measured at distance but less at near. Can be described as esophoria or esotropia at far greater than the near deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 10

Divergence Insufficiency

Question 11

If the difference between the distance and near esophoria is below 10PD.

Answer 11

Basic Esophoria

Question 12

Often have normal phorias and AC/A ratios but

reduced fusional vergence amplitudes. Their zone of clear, single binocular vision (CSBV) is small.

Answer 12

Fusional Vergence Dysfunction

Question 13

Has different phorias in far and near.

Answer 13

Mixed Phoria

Question 14

May be either comitant and idiopathic or noncomitant, due to muscle paresis or other mechanical cause.

Answer 14

Vertical Heterophorias