Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction Flashcards
Occurs when the amplitude of accommodation (AA) is lower than the expected AA for the patient’s age and is not due to sclerosis of the crystalline lens.
ACCOMMODATIVE INSUFFICIENCY
It is a condition in which the AA is normal, but fatigue occurs with repeated accommodative stimulation.
ILL-SUSTAINED ACCOMMODATION
Also called as accommodative inertia
Accommodative infacility
A rare condition in which the accommodative system fails to respond to any stimulus.
PARALYSIS OF ACCOMMODATION
result of overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Spasm of accommodation
occurs when the accommodative system is slow in making a change, or when there is a considerable lag between the stimulus to accommodation and the accommodative response
Accommodative infacility
Can be caused by the use of cycloplegic drugs or by trauma ocular or systemic disease, toxicity or poisoning.
Can be unilateral or bilateral, may be associated with a fixed, dilated pupil.
PARALYSIS OF ACCOMMODATION
sometimes part of a triad (overaccommodation, overconvergence and miotic pupils) known as spasm of near reflex (SNR).
This condition may also result from other causes, such as the use of either systemic or topical cholinergic drugs, trauma, brain tumor, or myasthenia gravis.
Spasm of accommodation
Distance: 9 exo
Near: 20 exo
Convergence insufficiency
D 20 exo
N 9 exo
Divergence excess
D 2 exo
N 2 exo
Basic exophoria
D 9 eso
N 20 eso
Convergence excess
D 20 eso
N 9 eso
DIVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY
D 1 eso
N 1 eso
Basic esophoria
often have normal phorias and AC/A ratios but reduced fusional vergence amplitudes.
Fusional vergence dysfunction
