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Theory and Methods 110 > Accommodation > Flashcards

Accommodation Flashcards

1
Q

crystalline lens

A

transparent, bi-convex structure between the iris and vitreous, focuses light

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2
Q

ciliary muscle

A

muscle of accommodation, can perceive PAIN

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3
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

aka zonules, holds the crystalline lens in position and enables the ciliary muscle to act on the lens

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4
Q

accommodation

A

process by which the crystalline lens varies its focal length in response to changes in the vergence of incident light

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5
Q

relaxing accommodation

A

ciliary muscle relaxes with an increase in tension of the lens zonules and with a decrease in lens curvature-> less refractive power

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6
Q

stimulating accommodation

A

ciliary muscle contracts w/ relaxation in tension of the lens zonules, and with an increase in lens curvature-> fatigue of ciliary muscle is possible

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7
Q

emmetrope

A

an individual whose ocular anatomy is such that parallel light comes to focus on the retina with accommodation relaxed

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8
Q

near point triad

A

pupil constriction, accommodation, convergence

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9
Q

myope

A

individual whose ocular anatomy is such that parallel light comes to focus in front of the retina with accommodation relaxed

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10
Q

hyperope

A

individual whose ocular anatomy is such that parallel light comes to focus behind the retina with accommodation relaxed

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11
Q

Incidence vergence and refractive condition

A

Two variables in accommodation problems are…

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12
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of accommodation due to age when crystalline lens fibers become harder decreasing the response to contraction of the ciliary muscle

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13
Q

5.00 D

A

What does the amplitude of accommodation fall to around age 40?

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14
Q

Stays the same

A

The strength of the ciliary muscle _____ stays the same with age

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15
Q

Accommodative amplitude

A

The maximum amount of accommodation that ban be exerted by the patient

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16
Q

Move the target to the patient until it is blurry or adding minus lenses until the patient is blurry

A

What are two ways of measuring accommodative amplitude?

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17
Q

Magnification

A

What is Donder’s downfall when it comes to amplitude of accommodation?

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18
Q

Minification

A

What is the downfall of using minus lenses to find the amplitude of accommodation?

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19
Q

Plus lenses

A

_____ lenses move the light focus toward the front of the eye on all patients

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20
Q

Plus lenses

A

_____ lenses relax accommodation until the focus of light is in front of the retina

21
Q

Artificial myope

A

Plus lenses on an emmetrope make an _____

22
Q

Minus lenses

A

____ lenses move the light focus further back in the eye

23
Q

Minus lenses

A

____ lenses stimulate accommodation

24
Q

Artificial hyperope

A

Minus lenses on an emmetrope make the patient an ____

25
Q

Punctual Remotum

A

The par point of clear vision with accommodation

26
Q

Optical infinity and the retina

A

The conjugate points of PR for an emmetrope are…

27
Q

Inside infinity and the retina

A

The PR conjugate points for a myope are…

28
Q

Beyond infinity and the retina

A

The PR conjugate points for a hyperope are…

29
Q

Hyperope

A

Which refractive condition has a negative value for their PR?

30
Q

Emmetrope

A

Every ____ has the same PR

31
Q

Punctum proximum

A

The nearest of closest points of clear vision; determined by performing Donder’s amplitude of accommodation measurement

32
Q

Amplitude of accommodation

A

The diopter is difference between the accommodative PR and PP

33
Q

Tonic accommodation

A

Portion of accommodation present in absence of a stimulus; resting state of accommodation

34
Q

Psychic accommodation

A

Stimulation of accommodation caused simply by the nearness of a target

35
Q

Reflex accommodation

A

Automatic, non-volition always change in accommodation as a response to blur

36
Q

Aberrational accommodation

A

Range in accommodation due to chromatic aberration; change in accommodation can vary depending on which color is focused on the retina

37
Q

Excessive accommodation

A

A constant parasympathetic stimulation of accommodation when there is no need for accommodation

38
Q

Spasm of accommodation

A

The ciliary muscle is in a state of spasm

39
Q

Tonic spasm

A

Prolonged, uniform spasm of accommodation

40
Q

Clonic spasm

A

Alternate, intermittent spasm of accommodation

41
Q

Insufficient accommodation

A

Accommodative amplitude below the limits of age level expected; usually found in young adults or premature presbyopes

42
Q

Inertia of accommodation

A

When a change in focus is needed by a patient, there is a delay in accommodative system, making a change necessary for clear vision

43
Q

Paralysis of accommodation

A

Accommodation is non-functional due to drugs, infections, trauma, congenital; the patient has a near point blur and a dilated pupil

44
Q

Cycloplegic

A

A drug applied topically to the eye, which causes a paralysis of accommodation and secondary pupil dilation

45
Q

Isometropia

A

The condition in which the refractive condition is the same for the two eyes

46
Q

Anisometropia

A

The condition in which the refractive condition is not the same for the two eyes

47
Q

Antimetropia

A

A specific type of anisometropia where one eye is myopic and the other eye is hyperopic

48
Q

Ametropia

A

A refractive condition other than emmetropia

49
Q

Fogging

A

In refraction, the use of excessive plus power to place the retinal image in front of the retina, to prevent the patient from accommodation

Theory and Methods 110 (8 decks)

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