Accommodation

Question 1

crystalline lens

Answer 1

transparent, bi-convex structure between the iris and vitreous, focuses light

Question 2

ciliary muscle

Answer 2

muscle of accommodation, can perceive PAIN

Question 3

suspensory ligaments

Answer 3

aka zonules, holds the crystalline lens in position and enables the ciliary muscle to act on the lens

Question 4

accommodation

Answer 4

process by which the crystalline lens varies its focal length in response to changes in the vergence of incident light

Question 5

relaxing accommodation

Answer 5

ciliary muscle relaxes with an increase in tension of the lens zonules and with a decrease in lens curvature-> less refractive power

Question 6

stimulating accommodation

Answer 6

ciliary muscle contracts w/ relaxation in tension of the lens zonules, and with an increase in lens curvature-> fatigue of ciliary muscle is possible

Question 7

emmetrope

Answer 7

an individual whose ocular anatomy is such that parallel light comes to focus on the retina with accommodation relaxed

Question 8

near point triad

Answer 8

pupil constriction, accommodation, convergence

Question 9

myope

Answer 9

individual whose ocular anatomy is such that parallel light comes to focus in front of the retina with accommodation relaxed

Question 10

hyperope

Answer 10

individual whose ocular anatomy is such that parallel light comes to focus behind the retina with accommodation relaxed

Question 11

Incidence vergence and refractive condition

Answer 11

Two variables in accommodation problems are…

Question 12

Presbyopia

Answer 12

Loss of accommodation due to age when crystalline lens fibers become harder decreasing the response to contraction of the ciliary muscle

Question 13

5.00 D

Answer 13

What does the amplitude of accommodation fall to around age 40?

Question 14

Stays the same

Answer 14

The strength of the ciliary muscle _____ stays the same with age

Question 15

Accommodative amplitude

Answer 15

The maximum amount of accommodation that ban be exerted by the patient

Question 16

Move the target to the patient until it is blurry or adding minus lenses until the patient is blurry

Answer 16

What are two ways of measuring accommodative amplitude?

Question 17

Magnification

Answer 17

What is Donder’s downfall when it comes to amplitude of accommodation?

Question 18

Minification

Answer 18

What is the downfall of using minus lenses to find the amplitude of accommodation?

Question 19

Plus lenses

Answer 19

_____ lenses move the light focus toward the front of the eye on all patients

Question 20

Plus lenses

Answer 20

_____ lenses relax accommodation until the focus of light is in front of the retina

Question 21

Artificial myope

Answer 21

Plus lenses on an emmetrope make an _____

Question 22

Minus lenses

Answer 22

____ lenses move the light focus further back in the eye

Question 23

Minus lenses

Answer 23

____ lenses stimulate accommodation

Question 24

Artificial hyperope

Answer 24

Minus lenses on an emmetrope make the patient an ____

Question 25

Punctual Remotum

Answer 25

The par point of clear vision with accommodation

Question 26

Optical infinity and the retina

Answer 26

The conjugate points of PR for an emmetrope are...

Question 27

Inside infinity and the retina

Answer 27

The PR conjugate points for a myope are...

Question 28

Beyond infinity and the retina

Answer 28

The PR conjugate points for a hyperope are...

Question 29

Hyperope

Answer 29

Which refractive condition has a negative value for their PR?

Question 30

Emmetrope

Answer 30

Every ____ has the same PR

Question 31

Punctum proximum

Answer 31

The nearest of closest points of clear vision; determined by performing Donder’s amplitude of accommodation measurement

Question 32

Amplitude of accommodation

Answer 32

The diopter is difference between the accommodative PR and PP

Question 33

Tonic accommodation

Answer 33

Portion of accommodation present in absence of a stimulus; resting state of accommodation

Question 34

Psychic accommodation

Answer 34

Stimulation of accommodation caused simply by the nearness of a target

Question 35

Reflex accommodation

Answer 35

Automatic, non-volition always change in accommodation as a response to blur

Question 36

Aberrational accommodation

Answer 36

Range in accommodation due to chromatic aberration; change in accommodation can vary depending on which color is focused on the retina

Question 37

Excessive accommodation

Answer 37

A constant parasympathetic stimulation of accommodation when there is no need for accommodation

Question 38

Spasm of accommodation

Answer 38

The ciliary muscle is in a state of spasm

Question 39

Tonic spasm

Answer 39

Prolonged, uniform spasm of accommodation

Question 40

Clonic spasm

Answer 40

Alternate, intermittent spasm of accommodation

Question 41

Insufficient accommodation

Answer 41

Accommodative amplitude below the limits of age level expected; usually found in young adults or premature presbyopes

Question 42

Inertia of accommodation

Answer 42

When a change in focus is needed by a patient, there is a delay in accommodative system, making a change necessary for clear vision

Question 43

Paralysis of accommodation

Answer 43

Accommodation is non-functional due to drugs, infections, trauma, congenital; the patient has a near point blur and a dilated pupil

Question 44

Cycloplegic

Answer 44

A drug applied topically to the eye, which causes a paralysis of accommodation and secondary pupil dilation

Question 45

Isometropia

Answer 45

The condition in which the refractive condition is the same for the two eyes

Question 46

Anisometropia

Answer 46

The condition in which the refractive condition is not the same for the two eyes

Question 47

Antimetropia

Answer 47

A specific type of anisometropia where one eye is myopic and the other eye is hyperopic

Question 48

Ametropia

Answer 48

A refractive condition other than emmetropia

Question 49

Fogging

Answer 49

In refraction, the use of excessive plus power to place the retinal image in front of the retina, to prevent the patient from accommodation