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3rd Year Millwright > Accessories, Fluids, and Seals > Flashcards

Accessories, Fluids, and Seals Flashcards

1
Q

what condition can occur if the inlet strainer on a pump clogs?

A

Cavitation

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2
Q

under what conditions do you need a heater in the reservoir?

A

when the temperature is too low to let the oil flow

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3
Q

in addition to transmitting power, what four things must hydraulic fluids do?

A

Lubricate
Seal
Carry away heat
Flush contaminants

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4
Q

What is the main cause of oxidization in hydraulic fluid?

A

Heat

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5
Q

List four harmful products of oxidization in hydraulic fluid

A

gum
varnish
sludge
Acids

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6
Q

How can you keep the contaminants in new oil out of the hydraulic system?

A

A filter cart

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7
Q

Name three points at which contaminants can get into the hydraulic system

A

New oil
Breather
Rod seals

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8
Q

what information does the code 18/16/14 give you?

A

It’s the ISO code for how many particles in a given size

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9
Q

why should use a strainer instead of a filter at the pump inlet??

A

It has the least amount of resistance to flow

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10
Q

what is the purpose of a bypass on a filter?

A

So fluid can still flow if the filter is clogged

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11
Q

how can you tell when you need to change a filter?

A

When it is operating on, bypass on start up

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12
Q

what are the four locations for filters and hydraulic system?

A

Inlet
Pressure line after pump
Return line
Off-line

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13
Q

which type of filter should you use for the reservoir breather?

A

3 micron with a moisture trap

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14
Q

Is new oil clean enough to use a hydraulic system or do you have to filter it before you install it?

A

You need to filter it

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15
Q

what is a major source of built-in contamination?

A

Tapered thread pipe fittings

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16
Q

what causes generated contamination?

A

Moving system parts

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17
Q

what three particle sizes are measured for ISO contamination level specifications?

A

4
6
14

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18
Q

between petroleum-based fluids, and non-petroleum based fluids, which type of fluid requires the highest cleanliness level?

A

Non-petroleum

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19
Q

Which filter in the system has to be rated at the relief pressure of the system?

A

The pressure line filter

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20
Q

how can hydraulic fluid that comes in contact with your skin for prolonged periods harm you?

A

It causes cancer

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21
Q

how can a pinhole hydraulic leak harm you?

A

It comes out at a very high pressure and can pierce your skin and get into your bloodstream

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22
Q

why should a dynamic seal have some leakage?

A

To allow for lubrication

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23
Q

What condition must the surfaces of metal to metal seal be in before assembly?

A

Flat with no scratches

24
Q

what tightening pattern must you use to avoid distortion when bolting rectangular surfaces together?

A

Spiral from the centre

25
Q

How can you determine the correct torque value when you assemble a hydraulic component?

A

Check the manual

26
Q

What is the main purpose of a backup ring for an O-ring?

A

Supports the ring from extrusion

27
Q

what type of sealant should you use on tapered pipe threads in hydraulics?

A

liquid sealant (pipe dope)

28
Q

which should have a tighter, fit a dynamic O-ring, or a static O-ring?

A

Static O-ring

29
Q

what type of piston rings should you use when no cylinder creep can be tolerated?

A

Non-metallic

30
Q

what is the basic purpose of an accumulator?

A

Adds fluid when more is needed in the system

31
Q

name three additional purposes of an accumulator

A

Dampens pulsations
Absorb shock
Allows for thermal expansion

32
Q

what safety precaution must you take when there is an accumulator in the system?

A

Ensure the accumulator is depressurized

33
Q

name three unloading methods for an accumulator

A

Manual bleed valve
solenoid bleed valve
vented relief valve

34
Q

what type of gas must be used in a gas accumulator?

A

Nitrogen

35
Q

The precharge should never be less than _____________ of maximum system pressure when the accumulator is empty.

A

25%

36
Q

When is the precharge put into an accumulator?

A

when it is empty

37
Q

What is the main disadvantage of gas or spring type accumulators?

A

It cannot maintain constant pressure

38
Q

name three advantages of spring type accumulator

A

Compact
Operate in any position
No pre-charge needed

39
Q

why are air and oxygen not used in gas filled accumulators ?

A

Can cause explosion if it comes in contact with oil

40
Q

What is an accumulator?

A

A vessel that store is pressurized fluid, then adds fluid to the system when fluid is needed

41
Q

What are backup rings used for?

A

To stop extrusion of the O-ring

42
Q

What is the most common type of fluid and hydraulics?

A

Petroleum based

43
Q

What type of sealant should you use on tapered pipe threads and hydraulics?

A

Liquid sealant

44
Q

What type of gas must be used in a gas accumulator

A

Nitrogen

45
Q

why do dynamic seals allow for some leakage

A

For lubrication

46
Q

what functions does the hydraulic oil perform other than transmitting power?

A

Lubricates
Seals
Carries away heat
Flushes contaminants

47
Q

What are the two major classes of seals used in rotary pumps and what do they do?

A

static seals seal between stationary parts
Dynamic seals seal between moving parts

48
Q

What are four harmful products of oxidization in hydraulic fluid?

A

gum
Varnish
Sludge
Acids

49
Q

what is the main cause of oxidation in hydraulic fluid

A

Heat

50
Q

what does the saturation point mean when referring to hydraulic fluid?

A

When the fluid cannot hold any more dissolved water

51
Q

What type of filter should you use on a reservoir?

A

3 µm filter with a moisture trap

52
Q

would you use a filter or a strainer at a pump inlet

A

Strainer

53
Q

What does the particle code 18/16/13 mean?

A

you have 18 particles greater than 4 µm
16 greater than 6 µm
And 13 greater than 4 µm

54
Q

What particle sizes are harmful to hydraulic components

A

6 to 14 µm

55
Q

What are the four sources of contamination and hydraulic fluid?

A

New oil
Built-in
Ingressed
Generated

56
Q

What style of fittings are used in hydraulics?

A

JIC

57
Q

What else do accumulators do other than hold fluid?

A

absorb shock loads
Even out pulsations
Protect against over pressure from thermal expansion

3rd Year Millwright (21 decks)

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