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CPACC - 2023 BOK > Accessibility and Universal Design > Flashcards

Accessibility and Universal Design Flashcards

40% of test

1
Q

What is universal design?

A

Products or services are developed in a way that as many people as possible can use it without needing adaptations.

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2
Q

What are reasonable accommodations?

A

Specific modifications and adjustments made to an environment, product or service to ensure equal access and opportunity for people with disabilities.

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3
Q

What are the differences between Accessibility, usability, and universal design?

A

*Accessibility is about designing so that that people with disabilities have an equivalent user
experience without barriers or discrimination.
* Usability emphasizes ease of use and the user experience more generally.
* Universal design seeks to involve and include everyone to the greatest extent possible
without specifying any particular target groups.

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4
Q

What are the benefits of accessibility?

A
  • enables people to participate in society and major life activities
  • increased independence of people
    *contributions to society by diverse set of people
  • cost savings to improved built and digital world, improving access and usability for everyone
  • increase in innovation
  • better economy when PwD included in labor market
  • profitable for businesses
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5
Q

What is web accessibility?

A

The ability for a wide range of people, including those who have disabilities, to easily
navigate and understand a website or application. More specifically, people should be able to perceive, understand, navigate interact with and contribute to the Web.

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6
Q

Web accessibility encompasses all disabilities that affect access to the web including:

A

Auditory, Cognitive, Physical, Speech, Visual

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7
Q

What are 4 ways to make the Web more Perceivable?

A
  • Provide alt text for non-text content
  • Provide captions and other alternatives for multimedia
  • Create content that can be presented in different ways (including assistive tech) without losing meaning
  • Make it easier for users to hear and see content.
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8
Q

What are 5 ways to make the Web more Operable?

A
  • Make all functionality available from a keyboard.
  • Give users enough time to read and interact with content.
  • Do not use content that can cause seizures.
  • Help users find and navigate content.
  • Make it easier to use inputs other than a keyboard.
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9
Q

What are 3 ways to make the Web more Understandable?

A
  • Make text readable and understandable.
  • Make content appear and operate in predictable ways.
  • Help users identify, avoid, and correct errors.
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10
Q

What is one way to make the Web more robust?

A

Maximize compatibility with current and future user tools.

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11
Q

What is the main goal of accessibility and inclusive design for the built environment?

A

To plan, design, create/construct and maintain buildings, public spaces, and transportation systems that are accessible to all people, including those with disabilities.

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12
Q

What are 3 areas of focus for accessibility in the built environment?

A
  • Access in and out of buildings
  • Moving around in buildings
  • Transportation accessibility
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13
Q

By whom and when were the 7 Principles of Universal Design developed?

A

In 1997 by a group of architects, product designers, engineers, and environmental design researchers in North Carolina State University.

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14
Q

What are the 7 Principles of Universal Design?

A
  • Equitable Use
  • Flexibility in Use
  • Simple and Intuitive Use
  • Perceptible Information
  • Tolerance for Error
  • Low Physical Effort
  • Size and Space for Approach and Use
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15
Q

What are 4 goals of Equitable Use?

A
  • Providing the same means of use for all users: identical wherever possible; equivalent when not.
  • Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.
  • Provisions for privacy, security and safety should be equally available to all users.
  • Make the design appealing to all users.
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16
Q

What are 4 goals of Flexibility in Use?

A
  • Provide choice in methods of use
    *Accommodate right - or left handed access and use
  • Facilitate the user’s accuracy and precision
  • Provide adaptability to the user’s pace
17
Q

What are 5 goals of Simple and Intuitive Use?

A
  • Eliminate unnecessary complexity
  • Be consistent with user expectations and intuition
  • Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills
  • Arrange information consistent with its importance
  • Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion
18
Q

What are 5 goals of Perceptible Information?

A
  • User different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information
  • Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings
  • Maximize legibility of essential information
  • Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions)
  • Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations
19
Q

What are 4 goals of Tolerance for Error?

A

*Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors
* Provide warnings of hazards and errors
* Provide fail safe features
* Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance

20
Q

What are 4 goals of Low Physical Effort?

A
  • Allow user to maintain a neutral body position
  • Use reasonable operating forces
  • Minimize repetitive actions
  • Minimize sustained physical effort
21
Q

What are 4 goals of Size and Space for Approach and Use?

A
  • Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user
  • Make reaching to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user
  • Accommodate variations in hand and grip size
  • Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices
22
Q

What is Universal Design for Learning?

A

A set of guidelines that account for various student needs and preferences when designing instruction.

23
Q

What are the 3 Guidelines of Universal Design for Learning (UDL)?

A
  • Engagement (the Why of learning)
  • Representation (the What of learning)
  • Action & Expression (The How of learning)
24
Q

What is ‘Provide Multiple Means of Engagement’ and what 3 things should instructors provide options for?

A

Providing multiple ways in which students can be engaged or motivated to learn.

Instructors should provide options for:
* Recruiting learners’ interest
* Learners to sustain their efforts
* Learners to self regulate

25
Q

What is ‘Provide Multiple Means of Representation’ and what 3 things should instructors provide options for?

A

Providing multiple ways for students to perceive and comprehend information presented to them.

Instructors should provide options for:
* Perception through different modalities
* Language and symbols
* Building scaffolds for knowledge

26
Q

What is ‘Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression’ and what 3 things should instructors provide options for?

A

Providing multiple ways for students to navigate their learning environment and express what they know.

Instructors should provide options for:
* Interacting with tools and environments that make learning physically accessible
* Learners to express themselves and communicate
* Building learners’ executive functions through scaffolding

27
Q

What is the difference between user experience and usability?

A

User experience is considered to be more comprehensive than usability, including every interaction a person has with it (including becoming aware of it, acquiring or accessing it, using it for the first and subsequent times, and the level of trust and feeling of satisfaction with it).

28
Q

What 3 aspects do designers focus on for usability?

A
  • Users should find it easy and become proficient when using a design interface
  • Users should be able to achieve their goal easily through using the design
  • Users should be able to learn the interface easily, so that return visits are just as, if not more, easy.
29
Q

What are the 5 core areas of user experience:

A

Usability
Useful content
Desireable/pleasurable content
Accessibility
Credibility/Trust

30
Q

What is User-Centered Design?

A

An approach that puts the user at the center of every stage in the design and development process.

31
Q

What are 3 key elements of User-Centered Design?

A
  • Involving users from the beginning and throughout the design and development (e.g., user research and user testing)
  • Taking an iterative approach to design and development where testing is conducted after each stage to ensure that the design and prototypes work well in practice
  • User testing for accessibility can be included in the iterative cycles of testing
32
Q

Universal design is…

A

good design

CPACC - 2023 BOK (5 decks)

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