Access To Healthcare

Question 1

Allocation

Answer 1

Distribution of funding resources among alternate possibilites for their use

Question 2

Macro allocation

Answer 2

Made at the federal or provincial government level about resources such as healthcare, education etc.

Question 3

Mesoallocation

Answer 3

Regional level resources for particular healthcare facilities

Question 4

Microallocation

Answer 4

Decisions made by institutions or HCPs to distribute resources among individual patients

Question 5

Relational approach

Answer 5

Fund allocation effects individuals, families, community and society

Question 6

Libertarians

Answer 6

Maximum freedom and minimum interference. Pursue interests unimpeded, even by government

Question 7

Supergatory

Answer 7

Beyond the call of moral duty– compassion, benevolence and charity

Question 8

Liberals

Answer 8

Providing some social services paid by the least taxation possible

Question 9

Socialists

Answer 9

Good of the individual can only be achieved when everyone’s basic needs are suported

Question 10

Special rights

Answer 10

Treat similar cases similarly

Question 11

Harm prevention principle

Answer 11

If we provide the basic minimums to enhance or prevent harm it will cost the system alot of money

Question 12

Prudential argument

Answer 12

Emphasize benefits rather than prevention of harm

Question 13

Enforced beneficence argument

Answer 13

Enforce public cooperation to enhance the whole– people need assurance that everyone will participate

Question 14

Strong equal access principle

Answer 14

Decent minimum avoids excesses

Question 15

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 15

Physiological
Safety
Love/belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization

Question 16

12 Social determinants

Answer 16

Income and SES
Education
Employment
Social support
Social environment
Physical environment
Personal health practices
Biology
Gender
Culture
Access to healthcare

Question 17

Rationing

Answer 17

Scarcity of resources forces with holding of potentially beneficial treatments and services according to specific criteria

Question 18

Hard/explicit rationing

Answer 18

Divide pie based on public concensus

Question 19

Soft/implicit rationing

Answer 19

Services divided on a needs by needs basis– exclude people based on implicit criteria

Question 20

Bedside rationing

Answer 20

Prioritize based on most emergent needs

Question 21

Strict rationing

Answer 21

Equal shares of everyhting

Question 22

Maximum

Answer 22

Priority to the most disadvantaged

Question 23

Two-tier healthcare

Answer 23

Publicly funded healthcare with some privately funded services

Question 24

7 factors influencing microallocation

Answer 24

Severity of condition
QOL with and without treatment
Efficacy of treatment
Expected length of life with and without treatment
Availability of needed resources
Cost of providing needed resources
Ease or difficulty of providing resources

Question 25

Callahan

Answer 25

Elderly shouldnt take up resources when there is a medical shortage and young people in need

Question 26

Commodification

Answer 26

Selling, buying or profiting from sale of human body-- may or may not be morally approprate

Question 27

Exploitation

Answer 27

Using someone to make a profit without regard for effects on person