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IT11 > Access Control System > Flashcards

Access Control System Flashcards

1
Q

a collection of mechanisms that work together to create security architecture to protect the assets of an information system

A

Access controls

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2
Q

One of the goals of access control is ______________ ___________, which is the mechanism that proves someone performed a computer activity at a specific point in time

A

personal accountability

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3
Q

Access control is the heart of an information technology (IT) security system and is needed to meet the major objectives of InfoSec:

A

Confidentiality and Integrity

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4
Q

uniquely identify the users of an information system

A

Identification credentials

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5
Q

Site examples of information credentials:

A

Examples: name, initials, email address, or a meaningless string of characters, Social Security number, IDs, and others

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6
Q

permit the system to verify one’s identification credential

A

Authentication credentials

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7
Q

Site an example of authentication credential:

A

Password

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8
Q
  • The predominant strategy to ensure confidentiality
  • The objective is to give people the least amount of access to a system that is needed to perform the job they’re doing
A

Least Privilege (Need-to-Know)

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9
Q

Maintains overall responsibility for the information within an information system

A

Information Owner

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10
Q

The ________________ must be the one to make the decisions about who uses the system and how to recover the system in the event of a disaster

A

information owner

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11
Q

dictates that the information owner is the one who decides who gets to access the system(s)

A

Principle of Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

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12
Q

A list or a file of users who are given the privilege of access to a system or resource (a database, for example)

A

Access Control Lists

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13
Q
  • Granting access to new employees
  • Include checking management approvals for grating access
A

User Provisioning

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14
Q
  • The system decides who gains access to information based on the concepts of subjects, objects, and labels
  • Often used in military and government systems
A

Mandatory Access Control

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15
Q

Mandatory Access Control is also called…

A

Nondiscretionary Access Control

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16
Q

The people or other systems that are granted a clearance to access an object within the information system

A

Subjects

17
Q

The elements within the information system that are being protected from use or access

A

Objects

18
Q

The mechanism that binds objects to subjects. A subject’s clearance permits access to an object based on the labeled security protection assigned to that object

A

Labels

19
Q

Involves assigning users to a group and then assigning rights to the group for access control purposes

A

Role-Based Access Control

20
Q

are most appropriate where there is high turnover of employees and/or frequent movements between job roles

A

Role-Based Access Control

21
Q

The idea of authentication is that only the legitimate user possesses the secret information needed to prove to a system that she has the right to use a specific user ID

A

Principles of Authentication

22
Q

These secrets are commonly passwords, but history has shown that passwords are problematic:

A

Passwords can be insecure
Passwords are easily broken
Passwords are inconvenient
Passwords are repudiable

23
Q

Passwords are an example of a…

A

single factor authentication

24
Q
  • Using more than one authentication mechanism
A

Multifactor Authentication

25
Q
  • This is accomplished by adding more controls and/or devices to the password authentication process
A

Multifactor Authentication

26
Q
  • With two or three factors to authenticate, an information owner can have confidence that users who access their systems are indeed authorized
A

Multifactor Authentication

27
Q

a user has a physical device (a card, a token, a smart card, and so forth) that contains his credentials, protected by a personal identification number (PIN) or a password that the user keeps secret

A

Two-Factor Authentication

28
Q

unique information related to the user is added to the two-factor authentication process. This unique information may be a biometric (fingerprint, retinal scan, and so forth) needed for authentication

A

Three-Factor Authentication

29
Q

works by measuring unique human characteristics as a way to confirm the identity

A

Biometric-based identification

30
Q

Some common biometric techniques include:

A

Fingerprint recognition
Signature dynamics
Iris scanning
Retina scanning
Voice prints
Face recognition

31
Q

The most common biometric in use is ___________.

A

Fingerprint recognition

32
Q

Advantages of Fingerprint recognition:

A
  • Highly accurate
  • Unique and can never be the same for two persons
  • Most economical technique
  • Easy to use
  • Use of small storage space
33
Q

users have one password for all corporate and back-office systems and applications they need to perform their jobs

A

Single Sign-On

34
Q

Single Sign-On mechanisms include:

A

Password Safe
Kerberos
Proprietary and custom developed solutions

34
Q
  • designed to provide authentication for client/server applications by using symmetric-key cryptography
  • A free implementation available from MIT
  • Works by assigning a unique key, called a ticket, to each user
  • User logs in once and then can access all resources based on the permission level associated with the ticket
A

Kerberos

35
Q

a client/server protocol and software that enables remote access users to communicate with a central server to authorize their access to the requested system or service

A

Remote Access Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)

36
Q
  • a user connects to the Internet via her ISP and initiates a connection to the protected network, creating a private tunnel between the end points that prevents eavesdropping or data modification
  • Uses cryptography to both authenticate sender and receiver and to encrypt the traffic
A

Virtual Private Networks

IT11 (4 decks)

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