accents and dialects Flashcards
parotts identity factors
1.forbidden behaviours such as drinking or smoking
2.rebellion, which separates from adults but gains acceptance from peers
3.role models, teens may idolise celebs ect..
4, clique exclusion, excluding people they seem to have unattractive characteristics
Thornborrow- language and identity
argues that identity is ever changing and is heavily influenced by lexis grammar and phonology
labov
martha vinyards island study
found that natives created a linguistic divide between them and american tourists
they did this by centralsing dipthongs
they do this to create an identity
sociolingists
how language is used and society effect on it
idolect
persoanl variation in yur use of language
sociolect
variation in your language according to groups ypu spend time in
clique exclusion
teens exclude thoes which they deem to have unnatrtive chacteristics
discourse community
group of people who share similar discourse
milroy
argues that incraesed geoghrapohical mobilityleads to large scale diruption of close knit localised networks that have historically maintained highly systamtic and complex sets of socially structured lingustic norms
foulkes and dochery
non standard features move beyond their origin
south to north
kerswill
kerswill summarises – the movement of people led to greater dialect contact and the movement of people led to radical changes in people’s social networks, away from strictly local ones comprising family and neighbours to ones that encompass fat more strangers and people in different walks of life.
perscriptivism
The term prescriptivism refers to the ideology and practices in which the correct and incorrect uses of a language or specific linguistic items are laid down by explicit rules that are externally imposed on the users of that language
descriptavism
Linguistic descriptivism refers to the analysis of how language is used by its speakers/ writers. It is a non-judgmental approach to analysing language usage as it is actually used, without imposing prescriptive norms or rules.
dialect levelling
s the process of an overall reduction in the variation or diversity of features between two or more dialects. Typically, this comes about through assimilation, mixture, and merging of certain dialects, often by language standardization.
lexical variation
Lexical variation refers to the different words and phrases we use to refer to the same objects/concepts.
accent
a distinctive way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country, area, or social class.
dialect
lexical features or grammatical variations specific to a particular region
cockney rhyming
Apples and pears” (stairs)
and was first used in the early 19th century in the East End of London
language variations A01
alley way
less commonly path
gary ives BAE and MLE
One of the key factors to these emerging variations of English is migration with many of the new dialects associated with particular cultural groups such as those with a Caribbean or Asian background.
· Often aspects of their native tongue are mixed with Standard English to create these new dialects. Bradford Asian English (BAE) and Multicultural London English (MLE) are just two examples.
what is standard English
a controversial form of English, used in academic and professional environments
an idealised form of English
seen as the correct mode of communication
men vs women and dialect variations
non standard features in English especially lexis and syntax
men derive covert prestige from using non-standard forms while women are judged for it and shamed
coupland
non standards forms of English for example multiple negatives the use of the word ain’t and using “them” as a demonstrative adjective
reveal about someone’s socioeconomic status rather than regional origins
paul kreswill
dialect levelling is occurring due to decreased rural employment and the subsequent construction of urban areas
argument against dialect levelling
non standardize forms of English are also spreading
non standard English is becoming standardized
foulks and docherty
state that dialect variations that are non standard spreading beyond its origin for example the phonological chnage from f to v
what is dialect
dialect is variation in word structure for example lexis and grammar
what is accent
accent is the variation of pronunciation for example phonology
why does linguistic variation exist
conquers from different international locations settled in different parts of the uk each bringing their own accents and dialects with limited transport regional varieties remained pure in specific regions of the UK which
