Academics Lesson IV—Grammar Flashcards
Questions Influenced by Imperium by Julian Morgan and Liber Digitalis by David Jackson
Into what groupings do we classify verbs in Latin?
Conjugation
Fun Fact: A conjugation is the name given to a group of verbs which follow similar patterns of endings. There are four main conjugations of verbs in Latin.
How many conjugations do we have for Latin verbs?
Four
Fun Fact: A conjugation is the name given to a group of verbs which follow similar patterns of endings. There are four main conjugations of verbs in Latin.
How many principal parts typically compose the dictionary entry of a verb?
Four
Fun Fact: A conjugation is the name given to a group of verbs which follow similar patterns of endings. There are four main conjugations of verbs in Latin.
What verb form can be found in the second principal part of a Latin verb?
Infinitive
Fun Fact: Infinitives in Latin can come in three tenses (present, future and perfect) and two voices (active and passive). They are forms of verbs which mean to do something.
In verbs classified by the First Conjugation, what ending is present in the second principle part?
-āre
Fun Fact: e.g. amāre, cūrāre, and lābōrāre
In verbs classified by the Second Conjugation, what ending is present in the second principle part?
-ēre
Fun Fact: e.g. docēre, monēre, and habēre
How do we typically form the present stem of a Latin verb?
Remove the -re ending from the second principal part of the verb
Fun Fact: For example, the stem of the verb amō is amā; the stem of the verb doceō is docē.
Identify the six personal endings of the present stem for Latin verbs.
How many persons are there in a Latin verb?
Three
Fun Fact: The person of a verb is first, second or third. The person should normally be associated with a number (singular or plural).
What are the two possible “numbers” for a Latin verb?
Singular and Plural
Fun Fact: In Latin, a verb, noun, adjective or pronoun will normally have a number associated with it. The number is either singular or plural.
Translate the verb form videō.
Translate the verb form clāmant.
Conjugate the present tense (Active Indicative) for the verb ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātum—to walk.
Conjugate the present tense (Active Indicative) for the verb videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum—to see.
Conjugate the present tense (Active Indicative) for the verb clāmō, clāmāre, clāmāvī, clāmātum—to shout.
Conjugate the present tense (Active Indicative) for the verb moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum—to warn.
In what three ways can you translate the present tense of a Latin verb into English?
“verb” or am “verbing” or do “verb”
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form doceō in three different ways.
I teach or I am teaching or I do teach
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form monēmus in three different ways.
we warn / advise or we are warning / advising or we do warn / advise
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form amātis in three different ways.
you (all) love / like or you (all) are loving / liking or you (all) do love / like
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form cūrō in three different ways.
I take care for or I am taking care for or I do take care for
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form lābōrat in three different ways.
he / she / it works or he / she / it is working or he / she / it does work
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form tenet in three different ways.
he / she / it holds or he / she / it is holding or he / she / it does hold
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form ambulās in three different ways.
you walk or you are walking or you do walk
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form vident in three different ways.
they see or they are seeing or they do see
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
Translate the Latin verb form habēs in three different ways.
you have / consider or you are having / considering or you do have / consider
Fun Fact: For example, the verb labōrō can mean I work, I am working, or I do work. The verb vidēs can mean you see, you are seeing, or you do see.
How do we translate the Latin infinitive into English?
To “verb”
Fun Fact: Infinitives in Latin can come in three tenses (present, future and perfect) and two voices (active and passive). They are forms of verbs which mean to do something. Thus, the infinitive of amō, which is amāre, would be translated as to love in English.
Translate the Latin infinitive ambulāre into English.
to walk
Fun Fact: Infinitives in Latin can come in three tenses (present, future and perfect) and two voices (active and passive). They are forms of verbs which mean to do something. Thus, the infinitive of amō, which is amāre, would be translated as to love in English.
Translate the Latin infinitive cūrāre into English.
to take care for
Fun Fact: Infinitives in Latin can come in three tenses (present, future and perfect) and two voices (active and passive). They are forms of verbs which mean to do something. Thus, the infinitive of amō, which is amāre, would be translated as to love in English.
Translate the Latin infinitive habēre into English.
to have / consider
Fun Fact: Infinitives in Latin can come in three tenses (present, future and perfect) and two voices (active and passive). They are forms of verbs which mean to do something. Thus, the infinitive of amō, which is amāre, would be translated as to love in English.
Translate the Latin infinitive monēre into English.
to warn / advise
Fun Fact: Infinitives in Latin can come in three tenses (present, future and perfect) and two voices (active and passive). They are forms of verbs which mean to do something. Thus, the infinitive of amō, which is amāre, would be translated as to love in English.
Translate the Latin infinitive vidēre into English.
to see
Fun Fact: Infinitives in Latin can come in three tenses (present, future and perfect) and two voices (active and passive). They are forms of verbs which mean to do something. Thus, the infinitive of amō, which is amāre, would be translated as to love in English.
In what two ways is the Nominative case used in Latin?
Nominative Subject or Predicate Nominative
Fun Fact: The Nominative case is used for the subject of the verb, going in front of the verb in English. Subjects are the persons or things which do the action of the verb. Subjects go before verbs in English and are typically in the Nominative case in Latin. A Predicate Nominative will follow a linking verb.
How must a subject agree with its verb in Latin?
(Person and) Number
Fun Fact: That is, if the subject is singular, the verb must be singular. If the subject is plural, then the verb must also be plural.
What case is typically used to show the direct object of a Latin sentence?
Accusative
Fun Fact: A direct object is the person or thing affected by the action of the verb; in other words, it is the word which receives the action of the verb. In Latin, the accusative case is used for direct objects. The accusative case is used for the object of the verb, going after the verb in English.
What case(s) do most prepositions precede in Latin?
Accusative and Ablative
Fun Fact: A preposition is a word where the position of one thing is referred to, in relation to the position of another. Words such as into, from, and under are all prepositions in English. A prepositional phrase consists of the preposition + its object. Prepositions in Latin are followed by a word in either the Accusative or Ablative case. It is important to learn which case a preposition takes when studying the vocabulary entries for the chapter. A few prepositions, such as in, can take both the Accusative and the Ablative.
Translate the Latin sentence “Magistra puellās docet” into English.
The teacher teaches / is teaching / does teach the girls
Fun Fact: Nominative Subject OR Accusative of Direct Object OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “Poētae pātriam amant.” into English.
The poets love / like / are loving / liking / do love / like the country / fatherland.
Fun Fact: Nominative Subject OR Accusative of Direct Object OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “Cum nautīs ambulō.” into English.
I walk / am walking / do walk with the sailors.
Fun Fact: Prepositions OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “Semper pecūniam in terrā vidēs.” into English.
You always see / are seeing money on the ground.
Fun Fact: Accusative of Direct Object OR Prepositions OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “Cūr in viā clāmātis?” into English.
Why are you (all) in / on the road?
Fun Fact: Prepositions OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “In īnsulā incolās moneō.” into English.
I warn / advise / am warning / advising / do warn / advise the inhabitants on the island.
Fun Fact: Accusative of Direct Object OR Prepositions OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “Fēminae fīliās cūrant.” into English.
The women take / are taking / do take care for the daughters.
Fun Fact: Nominative Subject OR Accusative of Direct Object OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “Ad silvam ambulās.” into English.
You walk / are walking / do walk to / toward the forest / woods.
Fun Fact: Prepositions OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “Agricolae in terrā nōn lābōrant.” into English.
The farmers are not working on the land.
Fun Fact: Nominative Subject OR Prepositions OR Present Tense
Translate the Latin sentence “Fīliās fēminae cūrant.” into English.
The daughters take / are taking / do take care for the women.
Fun Fact: Nominative Subject OR Accusative of Direct Object OR Present Tense
