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Assessment 2019 > ACA Midterm > Flashcards

ACA Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Apnea

A

absence of spontaneous respirations

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2
Q

Asthma

A

aka reactive airway disease; small airway obstruction due to inflammation and hyperreactive airways

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3
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of the lung at birth or collapse of the lung at any age

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4
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated pulmonary infections and/or bronchial obstructions

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5
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflammation of the large airways

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6
Q

Bronchophony

A

greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken word

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7
Q

Bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

typically moderate in intensity; heard over major bronchi

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8
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

intervals of apnea followed by crescendo/descendo sequence of breathing; often assoc w dying

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9
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

large airway inflammation that is usually a result of chronic irritation exposure; more commonly a problem for pt older than 40 y

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10
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)

A

nonspecific diagnosis that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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11
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

an acute or chronic condition involving right-sided heart failure

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12
Q

Cough

A

a sudden spasmodic expiration forcing a sudden opening of the glottis

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13
Q

Crackles

A

“abnormal lung sounds, more often heard on inspiration; characterized by discrete& discontinuous sounds; also called rales late inspiratory crackles –interstitial lung disease (ie pulm fibrosis) Early insp –"”coarse””; sometimes assoc w expiratory crackles–can be from chronic bronchitis and asthma Midinsp and expiratory –heard in bronchiectasis, but not exclusively

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14
Q

Croup

A

a syndrome that generally results from infection with a variety of viral agents, particularly the parainfluenza viruses; occurs most often in children between 1.5-3 years

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15
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands involving the lungs, pancrea, and sweat glands

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16
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia

A

an abnormal opening in the diaphram

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17
Q

Egophony

A

“increased intensity of spoken sound with accompanying nasal quality; ““ee”” to ““A”” sound–seen in lobar consolidation from pneumonia”

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18
Q

Emphysema

A

disease in which the lungs lose elasticity and the alveoli enlarge in a way that disrupts function

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19
Q

Empyema

A

collection of purulent exudative fluid in the pleural space

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20
Q

Epiglottitis

A

acute life-threatening infection involving the epiglottis and surrounding tissue

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21
Q

Friction rub

A

dry, crankly, grating, low-pitched sound that occurs outside the respiratory tree

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22
Q

Hamman sign

A

mediastinal crunch; consists of a variety of sounds, including loud crackles and clinking or gurgling sounds; associated with mediastinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum)

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23
Q

Hemothorax

A

presence of blood in pleural cavity

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24
Q

Influenza

A

a viral infection of the lung

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25
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

deep and usually rapid respirations; associate with metabolic acidosis

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26
Q

Lung abscess

A

a well-defined circumscribed mass defined by inflammation, suppuration, and subsequent central necrosis

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27
Q

Pectoriloquy

A

a whisper that can be clearly heard through the stethoscope; associated with consolidation of lungs

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28
Q

Pleural effusion

A

presence of excessive non-purulent fluid in the pleural space

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29
Q

Pleurisy

A

inflammation process involving the visceral and parietal pleura, which become edematous and fibrous

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30
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammatory response of the bronchioles and alveoli to an infective agent, which can be bacterial, fungal, or viral

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31
Q

Pneumothorax

A

presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity

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32
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

occlusion of the pulmonary arteries; relatively common condition that is very difficult to diagnose

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33
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome

A

a condition that develops in preterm infants as a result of surfactant deficiency

34
Q

Rhonchi

A

sonorous wheezes; suggest secretions in the larger airways

35
Q

Stridor

A

high-pitched piercing sound heard during inspiration; demands immediate attention d/t partial obstruction of larynx or trachea

36
Q

Tracheomalacia

A

“a ““floppiness”” or lack of rigidity of the trachea or airway”

37
Q

Tuberculosis

A

chronic infectious disease that most often begins in the lung but may have widespread systemic manifestations

38
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

low-pitched, low-intensity sounds over healthy tissue

39
Q

Vocal resonance

A

sound of the spoken word as transmitted through the lung fields; usually muffled and indistinct in quality

40
Q

Wheeze

A

continuous, high-pitched musical sound; almost a whistle heard of inspiration and expiration
-causes of wheezes throughout chest include asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, heart failure

41
Q

Bulging fontanel

A

condition of the fontanel that may indicate increased intracranial pressure

42
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

a condition that results from the premature closing of sutures before brain growth is complete; leads to mishapen skull

43
Q

Chloasma

A

“facial discoloration common during pregnancy; ““mask of pregnancy”””

44
Q

Encephalocele

A

a neural tube defect characterized by the protrusion of nervous system tissue through a defect in the skull

45
Q

Facies

A

general appearance of the face, head, and neck that is characteristic of a specific condition

46
Q

Graves Disease

A

an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overproduction of thyroid-stimulating hormone; characterized by exophthalamia (bulging eyes)

47
Q

Hashimoto disease

A

an autoimmune condition characterized by the production of antibodies against the thyroid gland, usually leading to hypothyroidism

48
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

underactivity of thyroid; more common

49
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

overactivity of the thyroid

50
Q

Macewen

A

sign associated with increased intracranial pressure after fontanels are closed
Percussion along the suture between the parietal and temporal bones. An unusually resonant sign indicates hydrocephalus and increases ICP

51
Q

Mastoid fontanel

A

a third (abnormal) fontanel; common in Down Syndrome

52
Q

Microcephaly

A

condition in which the circumference of the head is smaller than normal; associated w mental retardation

53
Q

Molding

A

an abnormal shaping of the infant’s head cause by the shifting and over-lapping of bones during vagina delivery

54
Q

Myxedema

A

skin and tissue disorder usually caused by severe prolonged hypothyroidism; characterized by mucinous edema of face

55
Q

Ossification

A

bone tissue formation; begins in sutures after brain growth is complete

56
Q

Salivary gland tumor

A

growth or mass in any of the salivary glands, but most commonly occuring in the parotid gland

57
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

referring to the area extending from upper sternum to the mastoid process

58
Q

Thyroglossal duct cyst

A

a palpable cystic mass in the neck

59
Q

Thyroid

A

largest endocrine gland

60
Q

Tic

A

a spasmodic contraction of the face, head, or neck

61
Q

Torticollis

A

a condition in which the nect is twisted (aka wry neck); often the result of birth trauma or intrauterine malposition; aquired torticollis may be caused by tumor, trauma, palsy of cranial nerve IV, muscle spasm, infection or drug ingestion

62
Q

Transillumination

A

procedure used to evaluate suspected intracranial or increasing head circumference in infants

63
Q

Webbing

A

excessive posterior cervial skin

64
Q

Anisocoria

A

unequal pupillary size

65
Q

Cataracts

A

opacity of the eye lens; most commonly resulting from the denaturation of lens protein caused by aging

66
Q

Confrontation

A

test of estimating peripheral vision

67
Q

Chorioretinal inflammation

A

inflammation process involving both the choroid and the retina; most common caused by laser therapy for diabetic retinopathy

68
Q

Cornea

A

part of the eye that is optically clear, has rich sensory innervation, and is avascular

69
Q

Corneal ulcer

A

a disruption of the corneal epithelium and stroma; associated with connective tissue disease

70
Q

Diabetic retinopath (background)

A

Condition characterized by dot hermorrhages or microaneurysms and the presence of hard and soft exudates

71
Q

Diabetic retinopathy (proliferative)

A

condition characterized by development of new vessels as a result of anoxic stimulation; vessels grow out of the retina toward the vitreous humor

72
Q

Ectropion

A

lower eyelid turned away from the eye

73
Q

Entropion

A

eyelid turned inward

74
Q

Episcleritis

A

inflammation of the superficial layers of the sclera anterior to the insertion of the rectus muscles

75
Q

Exopthalmos

A

increase in the volume in the orbital content, causing protrusion of the globes forward; most common cause is Graves Disease

76
Q

Glaucoma

A

disease of the optic nerve wherein the nerve cells die, producing a characteristic appearance of the optic nerve (increased cupping)

77
Q

Hemanopia

A

defective vision in half of the visual field

78
Q

Hordeolum

A

a sty caused by staphyoccal organism

79
Q

Horner Syndrome

A

interruption of sympathetic nerve supply to the eye, resulting in the triad of ipsilateral miosis, mild pitosis, and loss of hemifacial sweating

80
Q

Hypertelorism

A

eyes widely spaced apart

81
Q

Lens

A

a biconvex, transparent structure located immediately behind the iris

Assessment 2019 (9 decks)

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