AC4.1 Flashcards
types of policy’s
informal policy making-no element of enforcement community meetings, neighborhood watch
formal policy making- element of enforcement crime control policies or state punishment policies e.g. zero tolerance
policies developed from sociological theories
Prison- one of the main ways society tries to control from us through prison, designated to remove high risk people from society and attempt to rehabilitate them to be useful members of society.
Restorative justice-voluntary policy,involves victim of a crime talking to perpetrator who has caused them harm
sociological policy’s evaluation
Prison +removes high risk people from society makes streets safer
-not efficiently resourced,prisons under staffed, prison system has been overcrowded since 1993
Restorative justice +reduces prison population, proven to reduce reoffending by up to a half
-could cause more trauma to the victim and impact them emotionally and can’t be used for high level crimes like rape or sexual assault
policies developed from individualistic theories
aversion therapy-based on classical conditioning,behavior treatment to remove undesirable behavior e.g alcohol addiction, aims to create negative association between undesirable behavior and unpleasant stimulus. individual takes a drug that induces nausea if they also consume alcohol.
token economy program- developed from operant conditioning, used in prisons, prisoner given token every time they display good behavior when prisoners has collected set amount of tokens they can exchange for reward
individualistic policies evaluation
aversion therapy + it has been used successfully in treatment for alcohol addiction Davison et al
-ethical issues ,drugs can cause physiological harm
token economy program +easy and cheap no special training required such as a therapist
- not a long term solution, only applicable within prisons when released into community they will return to old behaviours
