AC3.2 Describe the contributions of agencies to achieving social control Flashcards
define environmental design
refers to what an environment looks like and how it is designed so that it has an impact in criminality
what is CPTED
the idea that crime results partly from opportunities presented by the physical enviroment
who introduced CPTED
C Ray Jeffery
what does CPTD stand for
Crime prevention through environmental design
what is the main objective of CPTED
to reduce and remove the opportunity for crime to occur in an environment
what are the 4 main principles of CPTED
surveillance , access, territorial , maintenance
How does surveillance prevent crime
Criminals do not like to be seen or recognised so choose situations where that can be hidden or escape,
to avoid this keeping areas well lit, using cctv,front doors fair streets and culde sacs
as a result criminals should feel like they are being watched with no escape
-Clear building entrance, not scared by vegetation
-Clear site lines to encourage natural surveillance
How does access prevent crime?
High levels of through movement, Allow offenders to access and leave an area easily as well is easy identification of targets and increased anonymity of offender
To avoid this cut off straight line access and use foot traffic into controlled visible areas
Offender shouldn’t feel the upper hand
-controlled access,
-clear sight lines
How does territoriality prevent crime?
Create clear distinctions between public and private property, Legitimate occupants have a sense of ownership and will notice in challenge, those who don’t belong
To implement this receptionists security signage should be visible in entrances visiting badge system should be used
As a result, residents feel like it’s their space, Morning traders immediately put on the defence
-permeable barriers,
-clear identification of units
How does maintenance prevent crime?
Related to territoriality, well maintained areas send a message to people noticing care about the area, this discourages vandalism crimes such as broken windows
-removal of graffiti,
-encouraging ‘cared for’ space
Which case study could be used when talking about CPTED And environment control of crime
Damilola, Taylor
he was murdered in the stairwell of the condemned house in a state, the location presented easy access and a easy escape routes and hiding spaces . Furthermore, it has low visibility
Synoptic link which Realist theory could environmental crime control policies be linked to
Right realism
What are the four strengths of CPTED?
1)provide a sense of ownership, control over property brings a sense of community
2) Home Office found a 30% lower burglary rate in ‘Secured by Design’ properties that meet the crime prevention standards for new builds
3)reduces reward of crime as it’s difficult to climb over a gate with bigger items
4)Lisson Green estate in West London saw a 50% reduce in crime rate after removal of overhead walkways
What are the four limitations of CPTED? 
1)Not all offences include physical intrusion into a neighbourhood, for example, white-collar, cybercrime, etc
2)Focusing on protecting areas from outsiders but Crime is often committed by insiders
3)can cost 500-4000 per gate
4)even defensible areas such as cul de sacs may not be defended as people won’t be in all day
Give an example of a prison design that relates to environmental design
Panopticon
what is the panopticon prison design
Traditional design, that is all seeing , allows for an observer to observe all prisoners without them being aware. There’s a central watchtower (often replaced in a modern days by CCTV surveillance), This allows the observer to see each individual cell
Give an example of a Panopticon prison in the UK
HMP Pentonville
What’s the name of the famous Norwegian prison?
Bastoy
Briefly outline the conditions in bastoy prison, Norway
Rehabilitation approach, Located on a island, No walls wires and no handcuffs. It’s an open system, providing inmates with freedom
What’s the reoffending rate in Norway, Compared with the Uk
17% to 70%
Explain what is meant by gated lanes
Additional example of environmental design, these are gates which are installed and erected at the entrance of alleyways. The aim-of them is to deter burgers and other criminals by preventing them from gaining unlawful access 
Explain what is meant by behavioural tactics
Tactics to change an offenders behaviour so that they are inclined to not commit crimes, And make them more socially compliant
What does ASBO stand for?
Antisocial behaviour order
What replaced ASBOS
Criminal behaviour orders(CBO)
