AC3.2 - Contribution of Agencies to Achieving Social Control Flashcards
1
Q
What are the environmental measures to achieving social control?
A
- Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
- Gated lanes/alley gates
- Red traffic light camera
- Prison design
2
Q
How does CPTED achieve social control?
A
- Originated from C. Ray Jeffery based on the idea that crime results from the opportunities presented by environment
- Form and arrangement of buildings and open spaces can encourage/discourage crime
- Ideal is to reduce opportunity to commit crime
- Example - CCTV was used in identifying suspects in London riots
3
Q
How do gated lanes/alley gates achieve social control?
A
- Gates that are installed at the entrance to rear alleyways - deter burglars or other criminals from using them
- Regulations gave local authorities powers to erect gates on public highways
- Has reduced crime and prevented rubbish from being dumped in the back lanes. - approx. £4000 per gate is too costly
- Example - In Cardiff there are more than 70 gates. Grangetown has become one of the areas to receive most alley gates
4
Q
How to red traffic light cameras achieve social control?
A
- Captures images of vehicles that have entered an intersection despite the traffic signal indicating red
- Photos assist authorities in their enforcement of traffic laws
- A law enforcement official will review it and determine whether a violation has occured - citation is mailed to the owner
- If identification cannot be made, a notice of violation may be sent requesting identifying information
- Example - Used worldwide (China, Australia, Canada etc.) 75 countried use red light cameras
5
Q
What are prison designs?
A
- Panopticon
- Open
- Supermax
6
Q
How do panopticon prisons achieve social control?
A
- Designs allows prisoners to be observed without knowing whether or not they are being watched
- It is impossible to watch all cells at once so it aims fo make inmates believe there is a possibility they are geing watched
- Could be sued for schools, hospitals etc. but was originally designed for prisons
7
Q
How do open prisons achieve social control?
A
- Prisoners are trusted to serve their sentences with minimal supervision.
- A part of a rehabilitation plan - only for prisoners considered low risk to the public
- Prisoners do not have complete freedom and are only allowed to leave the premises for specific purposes
8
Q
How do supermax prisons achieve social control?
A
- Most secure prisons in certain countries - provide long-terms, segregated housing for those who pose an extremely high risk to national/global security
- HMP - control prisoner that are high risk categorised from A-D
- Control Review Committee - regulate long-term disruptive prisoners
- CRC - introduced to control highly disruptive prisoners to be successfully reintergrated. Closed in 1998 after a series of escapes, riots and investigations .
- CRC replaced by CSC - provide relief for long-term prisoners. in 2-15 they were reported to hold 60 of the most dangerous men in the UK
9
Q
What are the behavioural measures in achieving social control?
A
- Token economies
- Antisocial behaviour order
10
Q
How do token economies achieve socical control?
A
- Behaviour modification - we learn new behaviour through operant conditioning
- Operant conditioning - reinforce positive behaviour, punish negative behaviour
- Incentives and Earned Privileges system - conform behaviour through rational choice, enabling people to earn benefits for responsible behaviour
- Ensures a more disciplined and controlled environment that is safer for prisoners and staff
- Only work in short term - not maintained outside of prison, end up reoffending
11
Q
How do ASBOs achieve social control?
A
- Court orders which restrict the bahvour of a person likely to cause harm/distress.
- Effective when combined with parenting orders - punish offender but aid parent, more effective to control childre so they do not cause trouble for society
- Only address immediate problem not underlying issues - lilely to continue behaviour
- May not take it seriously as no criminal penalties are involved unless found that they have breached conditions
12
Q
What are the disciplinary procedures in achieving social control?
A
- Rulemaking
- Phased/Staged
13
Q
How does rule making achieve social control?
A
- Every institution has their own tactics
- Prison - Control and prevent further crime. If rules are broken, there are numerous punishments
- Probation - Set clear rules that must be followed. If broken, the offender can be sent to prison
14
Q
How do phased/taged procedures achieve social control?
A
- First offences are dealt with more leniently to set first stage. Every subsequent offence increased punishment
- Police - Will give warnings and cautions before arresting someone
- Probation - Gives warning for minor breaches. If they continue to break their license they will go back to court
15
Q
How does gaps in staps provision play a role in achieving social control?
A
- Funding
- Unreported crime
