AC2.1 - Forms of Social Control

Question 1

What is internal social control?

Answer 1

Process of regulating your own behaviour (comes from within)

Question 2

What is rational ideology?

Answer 2

1. We grow and develop a conscience
2. We develop feelings of guilt, anxiety or worry
3. We follow rules as we dont want to feel worry
4. Our conscience socially controls us to follow rules
   E.g. stealing a pen may make you feel guilty so wont do it again

Question 3

What is tradition?

Answer 3

1. We learn to be a part of our community
2. Learn norms, mores and values through socialisation which regulate our behaviour
3. Importance is internalised
   E.g. religious upbringing - many people internalise traditions through childhood

Question 4

What is internalisation of social rules and morality?

Answer 4

1. Regulates and controls behaviour - we may be told through the media that something is wrong and therefore wont do it.
2. Could be through observing parents, peers and the media
3. Constantly working out what is right and wrong where rules are internalised

Question 5

What is external social control?

Answer 5

Environmental factors that persuade members of society to conform to rules

Question 6

What is general deterrence?

Answer 6

1. To deter society in general, from committing crimes
2. When society punished individuals other members see the consequences and are deterred

Question 7

What is Individual deterrrence?

Answer 7

1. To deter a set individual from offending/reoffending
2. Threat from society - fear of punishment should deter individuals from offending
   E.g. a suspended sentence/conditional discharge where there are more consequences for further offending

Question 8

What is coercion?

Answer 8

1. May be physical (bodily injury, imprisonment or death penalty)
   May be non-violent (boycott, strike, non-cooperation)
2. Boycott - withholding of social or economic interactions to express disapproval
3. Teachers may refuse to cooperate with the management over the payment of salaries
4. Prisons use coercion and the threat of loss of liberty e.g. a suspended sentence with the continues threat of custody

Question 9

What is control theory?

Answer 9

Crime is the result of insufficient attachment and commitment to others

Question 10

What did Hirschi believe?

Answer 10

People must form social bonds to prevent criminal behaviour
Four bonds:
1. Belief
2. Involvement
3. Namely attachment
4. Commitment

Question 11

What belief include?

Answer 11

Societies values such as honestly and believing that committing crime is wrong

Question 12

What does involvement include?

Answer 12

Social activity such as playing in a sport team or belonging to a community group

Question 13

What does namely attachment include?

Answer 13

Positive attachments to parents, school and peer groups - important to promote pro-social behaviour

Question 14

What does commitment include?

Answer 14

Accomplishing future positive goals (good job/nice house)