AC3.1 Explain The Role Of Agencies In Social Control Flashcards
CPS - Philosophy
- to independently prosecute offenders in criminal court so justice is seen to be done
- behave professionally by providing equality and inclusivity, to inspire confidence in the CPS
CPS - Aims & Objectives
- independent prosecuting authority for England/Wales
- review evidence submitted by police and decides the charge and whether to prosecute
- advise police in the investigation/ lines of inquiry
- provide information/support to victims
CPS - Funding
- main source is the government e.g £499 million in 2016
- CPS recovers some of the cost of its prosecutions, when a judge awards cost against the defendant
CPS - Working practices
reach
- Operates nationally with 14 teams which work with local police across England/Wales
- CPS direct 24/7 helpline
types of criminality
- all types of offences as they assist the police investigation
CPS - Full code test
Evidential test
- is evidence reliable and credible for a realistic prospect of conviction
Public interest test
- is it in the publics interest to prosecute
- 8 questions e.g how serious the offence is and culpability of the suspect
threshold test
- applied if there isn’t enough evidence to prosecute
- must be a very serious offence + reasonable grounds to believe suspect is guilty
CPS - Social control
- review evidence in order to decide the charge and whether to prosecute
- advise police through the investigation via CPS direct 24/7 helpline
- apply full code test to ensure the case is prepared for court and will successfully prosecute
Judiciary - Philosophy
- judges are independent from the government and other outside pressures
- when sworn in, they take the oath of allegiance and the judicial oath
- act with impartiality and high integrity (morals)
Judiciary - Aims & Objectives
In crown court:
- uphold and interpret law during a criminal trial
- explain procedure and assist jury with points of law
In appeal courts:
- hear appeals while creating new precedents
Judiciary - Funding
- salaries are decided by the government following the Senior Salaries Review Body (SSRB)
Judiciary- Working practices
reach
- 1 supreme Court (london) with national reach
- many local Crown courts
types of offences
- judges deal with everything apart from summary offences
Security of tenure - can’t be removed from their postiton
Judiciary - Social control
- sum up evidence and assist jury with points of law
- interpreting parliamentary statutes and create laws via judicial precedent
- manage trial to ensure rules are followed and a safe verdict is delivered
Prison - Philosophy
- to prevent victims by changing the lives/behaviour of offenders
- prisons are governed by the HM Prisons and Probabtion Service (HMPPS)
Prison - Aims & Objectives
- protect public from harm
- hold prisoners securely while implementing the sentence of the court
- rehabilitate offenders so they can positively contribute to society
Prison - Funding
- funded by the government via taxes
- budget is falling annually
- average cost of £41,000 per prisoner per year
Prisoner- Working practices
reach
- HM Prisons service is nationally organised with prisons across the UK
types of offences
- category A, B, C or D depending on security/risk
Prison - Social control
- uses incentives and earned privileges to encourage good behaviour and to prevent reoffending
- rehabilitate offenders to lead law abiding lives when released
- prisoners are held in custody which prevents offending and protects society
Probation - Philosophy
- protect the public by rehabilitating high risk offenders by tackling the causes of offending
- belief that an offender can change and become responsible
Probation - Aims & Objectives
- protect the public by supervising offenders released after rehabilitation
- works in partnership with police,courts,prison,etc to manage offenders
Probation - Funding
- part of HMPPS so government funded
- before 2020 worked with Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs) however changed due to being inefficient
Probation - Working practices
reach
- national organisation of the CJS with 12 regions across England/Wales
types of offences
- low risk offenders serving community sentences (meetings, courses, 300hour unpaid work)
- offenders released on licence from prison
Probation - Working practices
reach
- national organisation of the CJS with 12 regions across England/Wales
types of offences
- low risk offenders serving community sentences (meetings, courses, 300hour unpaid work)
- offenders released on licence from prison
Probation - Social control
- supervise offenders serving community sentences
- supervise high risk offenders to ensure they don’t re-offend
Charities/Pressure groups - Philosophy
NACRO
- works with young + adult offenders in prison + communities
- aims to overcome stereotypes of ex-prisoners by changing lives
Charities/Pressure groups - Aims & Objectives
Charities/Pressure groups - Funding
NARCO
- £50 million annually from donations and government grants
Charities/Pressure groups - Working practices
NARCO
reach
- national organisation with 50 local areas with staff + volunteers
types of offenders
- works with young people at risk og offending + ex-offenders
-provides services e.g housing, education and support/advice
- projects to prevent re-offending
